Hello my knowledge seeker friends. I am sharing some GK one liners for you regarding history of State of Bombay. Please read carefully and comment your opinions below the blog.
Bombay Presidency
Early history
1. In 1618 the East India Company established a factory at Surat in present day Gujarat, protected by a charter obtained from the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
· Did factories existed before East India Company?
2. The first English settlement in the Presidency known as Western Presidency was begun in 1618 at Surat in present-day Gujarat.
· What was the scenario of factories in Gujarat state or Western Presidency before 1618?
3. In 1626 the Dutch and the English made an unsuccessful attempt to gain possession of the island of Bombay in the coastal Konkan region from Portugal.
· Before Portugal who was ruling Bombay and Konkan coastal? Who were the residents of these areas?
4. In 1661 Bombay a marriage of King Charles II, King of England and infanta Catherine of Braganza, Daughter of King John IV of Portugal placed the islands of Bombay to the Kingdom of England as part of the Catherine’s dowry to Charles II.
· This completely proves that custom of dowry was followed in Europe.
· Whether custom of dowry existed in India before European Trade in India?
5. In 1668 Bombay was transferred to the East India Company for an annual payment of £10, and the company established a factory there.
· Which factories or industry existed there in Bombay before 1668?
6. Surat had been sacked by Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Bhosale in 1670, which began its relative decline.
· How Shivaji Maharaj acquired the Western presidency?
7. As English trade in Bombay increased in 1687, Bombay was made the headquarters of all the East India Company's possessions in India.
8. In 1753 the governor of Bombay became subordinate to that of Calcutta.
· Why Calcutta was made headquarter by British East India Company?
Territorial expansion
1. During the 18th century, the Hindu Maratha Empire expanded rapidly, claiming Konkan and much of eastern Gujarat from the disintegrating Mughal Empire.
· Whether empire established by brave Marathas is called Hidvi Swarajya or Hindu Maratha Empire?
2. In western Gujarat, including Kathiawar and Kutch, the loosening of Mughal control allowed numerous local rulers to create virtually independent states.
· Which individual states were existed in Gujarat before Mughal control and after loosening the Mughal control?
3. The first conflict between the British and the Marathas was the First Anglo-Maratha War which began in 1774 and resulted in the 1782 Treaty of Salbai, by which the island of Salsette, adjacent to Bombay island, was ceded to the British, while Bharuch was ceded to the Maratha ruler Scindia.
· What is the history of First Anglo Maratha War?
4. The British annexed Surat in 1800.
5. British territory was enlarged in the Second Anglo-Maratha War which ended in 1803.
· Why Indian lost the Second Anglo Maratha war?
6. The East India Company received the districts of Bharuch, Kaira, etc., and the Maratha Gaekwad rulers of Baroda acknowledged British sovereignty.
· Why Marathas lost their rule?
Expansion
1. The Gujarat districts were taken over by the Bombay government in 1805 and enlarged in 1818.
2. Baji Rao II, the last of the peshwas, who had attempted to shake off the British yoke, was defeated in the Battle of Khadki, captured subsequently and pensioned (1817/1818), and large portions of his dominions i.e. Pune, Ahmednagar, Nasik, Solapur, Belgaum, Kaladgi, Dharwad, etc. were included in the Presidency.
· How peshwas attempted to shake off the British yoke and Why Peshwas lost?
3. After this all these areas were settled by Mountstuart Elphinstone who was governor from 1819 to 1827. His policy was to rule as far as possible on native lines, avoiding all changes for which the population was not yet ripe.
· How did policies of Mounstuart Elphinstone affect the Indian political scenario before Company rule?
4. The period that followed is notable mainly for the enlargement of the Presidency through the lapse of certain native states, by the addition of Aden (1839) and Sindh (1843), and the lease of the Panch Mahals from Scindia (1853).
· How Aden, Sindh and Panch Mahals were acquired by East India Company? And who was ruling these areas before Company rule or British rule?
5. In 1862, North Canara was transferred from Madras Presidency to Bombay while South Canara remained with Madras.
· Again how Indians lost battle for Canara so that it was acquired by Company?
Victorian era
1. Under Lord Elphinstone (1853–1860) the presidency passed through the crisis of the Revolt of 1857.
· Why Indians lost the Revolt of 1857?
2. In 1859, under the terms of the Queen's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Bombay Presidency, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British Crown.
· Why rule was transferred from company to crown?
3. Henry Bartle Frere (1862–1867) was the first Governor appointed by the Crown.
4. The Governor's Council was reformed and expanded under the Indian Councils Act 1861, the Indian Councils Act 1892, the Indian Councils Act 1909, the Government of India Act 1919 and the Government of India Act 1935.
· Which provisions of these Acts by British Crown are still followed in Indian Judiciary? Does these provisions still needed in India?
5. Bartle Frere encouraged the completion of the great trunk lines of railways, and with the funds obtained by the demolition of the town walls (1862) he began the magnificent series of public buildings that now adorn Bombay (Mumbai).
· Which town walls were demolished by Bartle Frere? Which buildings were demolished by him in the same way? And which buildings he had constructed during his regime?
Dyarchy (1920–37)
1. British India's Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, enacted in 1921, expanded the Legislative Council to include more elected Indian members, and introduced the principle of diarchy, whereby certain responsibilities, including agriculture, health, education, and local government, were transferred to elected ministers.
· How election system started in India? Does the election system was present before British Rule in India?
2. However, the important portfolios like finance, police and irrigation were reserved with members of the Governor's Executive Council.
· How portfolios like finance, police and irrigation were handled in India before British as well as Muslim rule?
3. Some of the prominent Indian members of the Executive Council were Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad, R. P. Paranjpe, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi, Rafiuddin Ahmed, Siddappa Totappa Kambli, Shah Nawaz Bhutto and Sir Cowasji Jehangir.
· What was the contribution of Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad, R. P. Paranjpe, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi, Rafiuddin Ahmed, Siddappa Totappa Kambli, Shah Nawaz Bhutto and Sir Cowasji Jehangir in Indian freedom struggle?
4. In 1932, Aden was separated from Bombay and made a separate province, and Sindh became a separate province on 1 April 1936.
· Why Aden and Sindh were separated from Bombay presidency? and What was its impact on the culture of India?
Provincial Autonomy
1. The Government of India Act 1935 made the Bombay Presidency into a regular province, and made Sind a separate province, with relations with the princely state of Khairpur managed by Sindh.
· How princely state of Khairpur was established? Who ruled this area British Rule in India?
2. It enlarged the elected provincial legislature and expanded provincial autonomy vis a vis the central government.
3. In the 1937 elections, the Indian National Congress won the elections in Bombay but declined to form the government.
· Why Indian National Congress declined to form the government in 1937 elections?
4. The Governor George Lloyd invited Dhanjishah Cooper, to form an interim ministry which was as follows:
| Minister | Portfolio | Party |
| Dhanjishah Cooper | Chief Minister, Home & General | |
| Jamnadas Mehta | Revenue & Finance | Lokashahi Swarajya Paksha (Democratic Swarajya Party) |
| Siddappa Kambli | Education, Excise & Agriculture | Non-Brahmin Party |
| Hoosenaly Rahimtoola | Local Self-government | Muslim League |
· What is contribution of Dhanjishah Cooper, Jamnadas Mehta, Siddappa T. Kambli and Hoosenally Rahimtoola in Indian freedom struggle?
5. The Cooper ministry did not last long and a Congress ministry under B. G. Kher was sworn in.
· As history told, formation of government with alliance of many parties do not last.
6. Council of Ministers in Kher's Cabinet
| Minister | Portfolio |
| B. G. Kher | Premier, Political & Services, Education and Labour |
| K. M. Munshi | Home & Legal |
| Anna Babaji Latthe | Finance |
| Morarji Desai | Revenue, Agriculture, Forests and Cooperatives |
| Dr. Manchersha Dhanjibhoy Gilder | Public Health and Excise |
| Mahmad Yasin Nurie | Public Works |
| Laxman Madhav Patil | Industries and Local Self-Government |
· What is contribution of all these ministers in Indian freedom struggle?
7. In 1939, all of the Congress ministries in British Indian provinces resigned and Bombay was placed under the Governor's rule.
· Why Governors’s rule was placed in Bombay residency in 1939? What was the effect of this rule?
Last days of British rule
1. After the end of World War II, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics and won the 1946 election under the leadership of B. G. Kher who was again elected as Chief Minister of Bombay presidency.
2. The Bombay Presidency became the Bombay State when India was granted independence on 15 August 1947 and B. G. Kher continued as the Chief Minister of the state, serving until 1952.
Geography
1. The Bombay Presidency was bounded on the north by Baluchistan, the Punjab and Rajputana; on the east by Indore, the Central Provinces and Hyderabad; on the south by Madras Presidency and the Kingdom of Mysore; and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
2. Within these limits were the Portuguese settlements of Goa, Daman and Diu, and the native state of Baroda which has direct relations with the government of India; while politically Bombay included the territory of Aden, in present-day Yemen.
3. The total area, including Sind but excluding Aden, was 188,745 sq mi (488,850 km2), of which 122,984 sq mi (318,530 sq km) were under British and 65,761 under native rule.
4. The total population was 25,468,209 in 1901, of which 18,515,587 were resident in British territory and 6,908,648 in native states.
Administration
1. The Presidency was divided into four divisions and twenty-four districts with Bombay city as the capital.
2. The four divisions were as follows:
| Division | Divisional Headquarters | Districts | Princely states |
| Sind | Karachi | Hyderabad, Karachi, Larkana, Sukkur, Thar and Parkar Upper Sind Frontier | Khairpur |
| The northern or Gujarat | Ahmedabad | Ahmedabad, Bharuch, The Dangs, Kaira, Panch Mahals, Surat | Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency and the Western India States Agency |
| The central or Deccan | Poona | Ahmednagar, Bombay City, Khandesh, Nasik, Poona, Satara, Sholapur, Thana | Deccan States Agency |
| The southern or Carnatic | Dharwad | Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, North Kanara | |
3. The government of Bombay was administered by a Governor-in-Council, consisting of the Governor as president and two ordinary members.
4. The Governor was appointed by the British Crown on the advice of the Secretary of State for India.
5. The members of his council were appointed from the Indian Civil Service.
· What is history of Indian Civil Services and how it is working in Modern India of 21stCentury?
6. For making laws there was a legislative council, consisting of the Governor and his executive council, with certain other persons, not fewer than eight or more than twenty, at least half of them being non-officials.
· How members of legislative council were appointed during British rule?
· How laws were made and implemented in India before British Rule? A comparison between the two procedures.
7. Each of the members of the executive council had in his charge one or two departments of the government; and each department had a secretary, an under-secretary, and an assistant secretary, with a numerous staff of clerks.
8. The administration of justice throughout the Presidency was conducted by a High Court at Bombay, consisting of a chief justice and seven puisne judges, along with district and assistant judges throughout the districts of the Presidency.
· How administration of justice was conducted before British Rule in India?
9. Each of the four divisions were administered by a senior Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer of the rank of Commissioner while the districts were each administered by a District Collector (officially styled, Deputy Commissioner).
10. The districts were further divided into sub-divisions each under the charge of a Deputy Collector or Assistant Collector, each sub-division comprising a few taluks or tehsils each administered by a tahsildar.
· What was the civics in India before British Rule?
Military
1. The East India Company had raised armies in each of the Presidencies, Bombay, Bengal and Madras.
2. The Bombay Army consisted of a number of infantry regiments, sapper and miner units and irregular cavalry.
3. Under Lord Kitchener's re-arrangement of the Indian army in 1904 the old Bombay command was abolished and its place was taken by the Western army corps under a lieutenant-general.
4. The army corps was divided into three divisions under major-generals.
5. The 4th (Quetta) Division, with headquarters at Quetta, comprised the troops in the Quetta and Sind districts.
6. The 5th division, with headquarters at Mhow, consisted of three brigades, located at Nasirabad, Jabalpur and Jhansi, and included the previous Mhow, Deesa, Nagpur, Narmada and Bundelkhand districts, with the Bombay district north of the Tapti.
7. The 6th division, with headquarters at Pune, consisted of three brigades, located at Bombay, Ahmednagar and Aden. It comprised the previous Poona district, Bombay district south of the Tapti, Belgaum district north of the Tungabhadra, and Dharwar and Aurangabad districts.
· What were the army laws in India before British Rule and after independence?
Agriculture
1. The overwhelming majority of the population of the Bombay Presidency was rural and engaged in agriculture.
2. The staple crops were Sorghum (jowar), and Pearl millet (bajra) in the Deccan and Khandesh.
3. Rice was the chief product of the Konkan.
4. Wheat, generally grown in the northern part of the Presidency, but specially in Sind and Gujarat, was exported to Europe in large quantities from Karachi, and on a smaller scale from Bombay.
5. Barley was principally grown in the northern parts of the presidency.
6. Finger millet (Nachani) and kodra furnished food to the Kolis, Bhils, Waralis, and other hill tribes.
7. Of the pulses the most important are the chickpea or Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), pigeon pea or tur (Cajanus cajan), catjang or kulti (Vigna unguiculata cylindrica), and urad bean (Vigna mungo).
8. Principal oilseeds were sesame or til (Sesamum indicum), mustard, castor bean, safflower and linseed.
9. Of fibres the most important were cotton, Deccan hemp (Hibiscus cannabinus), and sunn or tag (Crotalaria juncea).
10. Much was done to improve the cotton of the presidency. American varieties were introduced with much advantage in the Dharwad collectorate and other parts of the southern Maratha country.
· It can be noted here that foreign varieties of crops were introduced in Indian agriculture by Britishers.
11. In Khandesh the indigenous plant from which one of the lowest classes of cotton in the Bombay market takes its name has been almost entirely superseded by the superior Hinganghat variety.
12. Miscellaneous crops: sugarcane, requiring a rich soil and a perennial water-supply, and only grown in favoured localities, chile peppers, potatoes, turmeric and tobacco.
· What are the agricultural developments in India before British Rule?
Industry
1. The chief industries of Bombay Presidency involved the milling of cotton.
2. In the late 19th century steam mills sprang up in Bombay, Ahmedabad and Khandesh.
3. In 1905 there were 432 factories in the presidency, of which by far the greater number were engaged in the preparation and manufacture of cotton.
· Does these factories still exists and still working?
4. The industry is centred in Bombay, which contains nearly two-thirds of the mills.
· Did industrialisation was cantered at one place before British rule and what was its scenario?
5. During the decade 1891–1901 the mill industry passed through a period of depression due to widespread plague and famine, but on the whole there was a marked expansion of the trade as well as a great improvement in the class of goods produced.
· What was scenario of trade from India before British Rule?
6. In addition to the mills there were (1901) 178,000 hand-loom weavers in the province, who still have a position of their own in the manipulation of designs woven into the cloth.
· What is history of Handloom in India before British Rule?
7. Silk goods were manufactured in Ahmedabad, Surat, Yeola, Nasik, Thana and Bombay, the material decorated with printed or woven designs; competition from European goods caused the silk industry to decline in the early 20th century.
8. The custom of investing savings in gold and silver ornaments gave employment to many goldsmiths: the metal was usually supplied by the customer, and the goldsmith charged for his labour.
· Did goldsmiths existed in India before British Rule and what was their contribution in Indian economy during era before British Rule?
9. Ahmedabad and Surat are famous for their carved woodwork. Many of the houses in Ahmedabad are covered with elaborate wood-carving, and excellent examples exist in Bharuch, Baroda, Surat, Nasik and Yeola.
· What was the role of wood-carving work and carpentry in Indian economy before British rule?
10. Salt was made in large quantities in the government works at Kharaghoda and Udu in Ahmedabad, and was exported by rail to Gujarat and central India.
· Who were makers of sea-salt and rock-salt before British Rule?
11. There was one brewery at Dapuri near Pune.
· What was role of liquor business in Indian economy before British rule?
Transportation
1. The Province was well supplied with railways, all of which, with one exception, concentrated at Bombay City.
· How transportation was done in India before railway?
2. The exception is the North-Western line, which enters Sind from the Punjab and terminated at Karachi.
· Does this line still used for transportation between Sind, Punjab and Karachi regions?
3. The other chief lines are the Great Indian Peninsula, Indian Midland, Bombay, Baroda & Central India, and the Rajputana, Malwa & Southern Mahratta systems.
4. In 1905 the total length of railway under the Bombay government open for traffic was 7,980 miles (12,840 km), which did not include the railway system in Sindh.
· Who were the workers for constructing a railway line in India during British rule? How they were treated by British supervisors? and How they were paid for their work for the British Government?
Education
1. The University of Bombay was established in 1857, and had an administration consisting of a chancellor, vice-chancellor and fellows.
· What was scenario of education before 1857 in India? Did Indian princely states contribute in education system of their regions?
2. The governor of Bombay was ex-officio chancellor.
3. The education department was under a director of public instruction, who was responsible for the administration of the department in accordance with the general educational policy of the state.
· What was educational policy before British rule in India?
4. The native states generally adopted the government system.
5. Baroda and the Kathiawar states employed their own inspectors.
6. In 1905 the total number of educational institutions was 10,194 with 593,431 pupils. There were ten art colleges, of which two were managed by government, three by native states, and five were under private management.
· Which educational institutions were there in India before British rule?
7. It was in the year 1913 that the first college of commerce in Asia, Sydenham College, was established.
· How did Indians learned Commerce before British Rule?
8. According to the census of 1901, out of a population of 25.5 million nearly 24 million were illiterate.
· How was literacy defined in India before British rule? Did they people got the literacy as per that definition?
Film industry
1. The film production era is said to have commenced in Bombay from 1913 when the first film, Raja Harishchandra by Dadasaheb Phalke made in 1912, was first shown publicly on 3 May 1913 at Mumbai's Coronation Cinema, effectively marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.
· What was profession of Dadasaheb Phalke before starting film Industry?
· Did story of first film of Indian Cinema known as “Raja Harishchandra” matched with the exact mythological king Harishchandra or it deviates from what is written in the Hindu mythological books?
2. Around one year before, Ramchandra Gopal (known as Dadasaheb Torne) had filmed a stage drama called Pundalik and shown it in the same theatre. However, the credit for making the first Indian feature film is attributed to Dadasaheb Phalke.
· What were the means of entertainment in India before British rule? How drama artists, dancers and musicians earned their bread and butter before British rule and how they contributed in the economy of the country?
3. Other producers at Bombay during the presidency era were Sohrab Modi, Himanshu Rai, V. Shantaram, Shashadhar Mukherjee, and Ardeshir Irani.
· Did these producers had given any patriotic movie to Indian cinema?
4. Ever since production of films took place, there started the trend of film making that established and further progressed, resulting in formation of the film industry and new film production companies as well as studios.
· What was impact of film Industry on the Indian society since 1912?
Residencies
1. Outside the Presidency, numerous small states princely states such as those of Kathiawar and Mahikantha came under British suzerainty in a system of subsidiary alliances between 1807 and 1820.
2. The native states eventually comprised some 353 separate units, administered internally by their own princes, with the British responsible for their external affairs.
· How British became responsible for external affairs of various princely states of India?
3. Relations between British India and the states were managed by British agents placed at the principal native capitals; their exact status varied in the different states according to the relations in which the principalities stood with the paramount power.
4. The principal groups of states were North Gujarat, comprising Kutch, Kathiawar Agency, Palanpur Agency, Mahi Kantha Agency, Ambliara Rewa Kantha Agency and Cambay; South Gujarat, comprising Dharampur, Bansda and Sachin; North Konkan, Nasik and Khandesh, of the Khandesh Agency, Surgana and Jawhar; South Konkan and Dharwar, comprising Janjira, Sawantwadi and Savanur, as well as the territories under the Deccan States Agency, including the Deccan Satara Jagirs, Ichalkaranji, Sangli Akkalkot, Bhor, Aundh, Phaltan, Jath and Daphalapur, the southern Maratha states, comprising Kolhapur, among other states, and Khairpur in Sindh.
5. The native states under the "supervision" of the government of Bombay were divided, historically and geographically, into two main groups. The northern or Gujarat group includes the territories of the Gaekwad of Baroda, with the smaller states which form the administrative divisions of Kutch, Palanpur, Rewa Kantha, and Mahi Kantha. These territories, with the exception of Kutch, have a historical connection, as being the allies or tributaries of the Gaekwad until 1805, when final engagements were included between that prince and the British government. The southern or Maratha group includes Kolhapur, Akalkot, Sawantwari, and the Satara and southern Mahratta Jagirs, and has a historical bond of union in the friendship they showed to the British in their final struggle with the power of the peshwa until 1818.
· How Marathas and Gaekwads were divided by Britishers?
6. The remaining territories may conveniently be divided into a small cluster of independent zamindaris, situated in the wild and hilly tracts at the northern extremity of the Sahyadri range, and certain principalities which, from their history or geographical position, are to some extent isolated from the rest of the presidency.
7. Baroda State (Vadodara), one of the residencies of British India, was combined in the 1930s with the residencies of the princely states (agencies) of the northern Bombay Presidency to form the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency and subsequently expanded in Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency in 1944.
Bombay State
Province of Bombay
History of Bombay in independent India
1. After India gained independence in 1947, Bombay Presidency became part of India, and Sind province became part of Pakistan.
2. The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State.
3. It included princely states such as Kolhapur in Deccan, and Baroda and the Dangs in Gujarat, which had been under the political influence of the former Bombay Presidency.
Expansion of the state
1. As a result of the States Reorganisation Act on 1 November 1956, the Kannada-speaking districts of Belgaum (except Chandgad taluka), Bijapur, Dharwar, and North Canara were transferred from Bombay State to Mysore State.
2. The State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the Marathi-speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad State, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region of southern Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarati-speaking Saurashtra and Kutch states.
3. The Bombay state was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state".
4. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of Jawaharlal Nehru, recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.
5. In the 1957 elections, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra.
Dissolution of Bombay state
1. Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on 1 May 1960.
2. Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines.
· What are the differences of protests pre-independence, post-independence and during present day when BJP is ruling India? How these protests were handled by ruling governments each time?
3. Gujarati-speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into the state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement.
4. Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar, five districts from Hyderabad State, and numerous princely states enclosed between them.
Chief Ministers
Bombay State had three Chief Ministers after the independence of India:
· Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher was the first Chief Minister of Bombay (1946–1952)
· Morarji Desai (1952–1956)
· Yashwantrao Chavan (1956–1960)
Governors
1. In 1960, the designation of the "Governor of Bombay" was transmuted as the Governor of Maharashtra. Following are the governors of State of Bombay before reorganisation of the said state:
| Name of Governor | Assumed office | Left office | Years in Office |
| Raja Sir Maharaj Singh | 6 January 1948 | 30 May 1952 | 4 |
| Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai | 30 May 1952 | 5 December 1954 | 2 |
| Harekrushna Mahatab | 2 March 1955 | 14 October 1956 | 1 |
| Sri Prakasa | 10 December 1956 | 16 April 1962 | 6 |
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_State
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Presidency
So this is the brief history of the State of Bombay. Here in this article I have asked many questions after many facts. The answers to these questions are to be explored by the readers and if anyone is having answers to these questions with proper references then please comment in answers so that all the readers will come to know the history of our nation. But remember to put proper references before commenting any answer to my questions. Thanks for reading and share this blog with all the history lovers.
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