Handmade paper from Bharat: Kagaj: Pre-independence since Buddhist Era

Jay Shree Ram friends! Here is one more group of one liners for you regarding the business of paper manufacturing history in Bharat. Please read till the end.

Image: Aap Ki Khabar

 

Handmade paper from Bharat: Kagaj:

Kagaj: Pre independence since Buddhist Era

ð  Some people believe paper was invented independently in Indiain Buddhist times around 250 BC.

ð  Archaeological finds at Gilgit in the vale of Kashmir indicate that paper was already applied in the Himalayas in the sixth century AD.

ð  Some records make mention of occasionally use of paper for religious purposes in the seventh century AD.

ð  A Sanskrit dictionary about one hundred years later from Buddhist era gives two versions of the Persian word for paper and one for the Chinese word.

ð  Paper thus is known some time before the muslim era.

ð  They have the oblong format of palm leaf and the scribes continue to leave an open space for the holes of the ropes that originally kept the palm leaf books together.

ð  The Hindu, Buddhist and Jain persevere in recording their texts on palm leaf long after paper becomes a popular writing material.

ð  The earliest centers of white art are Daulatabad, Lahore, Sailkot, Ahmedabad and Kashmir since 13^th century

ð  Before that the Muslim courts in Delhi probably import paper from Persia.

ð  The Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) in particular takes a keen interest in the book arts, although he himself is an illiterate. He has more than 100 painters living at his court and is said to have possessed a library of 24,000 volumes.

ð  During the reign of his son Jehangir (1605-1627) the city of Sailkot in the Punjab becomes the most important centre of papermaking.

ð  1500 Denkhi, the traditional Indian rice stamper, are producing pulp for the paper mills.

ð  Hundreds of kagjipura arise, settlements where the Moslem papermakers, the kagji, live and work.

ð  A peculiar writing material developed amongst the merchants of Mysore. They wrote with soapstone or chalk on a cotton cloth impregnated with tamarind seed paste and blackened with charcoal. These folding books were in use as account books, called kaditam.

ð  A certain Balaji Abaji, a Thakur from the Kshatriya caste, left around 1800 his village Roje in Maharashtra together with several other residents. He wanted to start up papermaking at Nasik. The inhabitants of Roje however summoned Balaji because he would harm the village welfare by leaving. Fortunately for Balaji Abaji the legal officer in charge agreed with him. The inhabitants of Roje did not win their case. After 90 years the mill still stands and Nasik had a prosperous paper industry for a long time.

ð  The first Robert's paper-machine enters the Indian continent as early as 1832, two years earlier than in the Netherlands. Dr. William Carey, starts to make paper by machine in Serampore. By 1870 eight paper-machines are in operation. The next 20 years many more are working most of them in the Bombay and in the Calcutta area.

ð  The reports on the grasses munj and bhabar show the most promising results. When at last Raitt discovers how to digest bamboo properly that plant becomes a very popular raw material for the steam driven paper plants.

ð  With the Bamboo Paper Industry Act of 1925 the colonial government protects the local paper mills.

ð  The first paper mill, the Kalam Kush Paper Mill, based on Gandhian ideas was established.

ð  The fully cotton hosiery of the so detested cotton mills of Ahmedabad could be miraculously changed into wonderful papers. The transformation of textile waste thus also became a strong political act of a nationalistic movement against its oppressors.

ð  When on the 15th of August 1947 India at last reaches its independence the Gandhian ideas are incorporated into the new constitution.

ð  Although Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, initially does not agree on Gandhi's economical ideas he changes his mind and thinks that the cottage industry could well be the answer to unemployment.

ð  The Khadi Village and Industries Commission (KVIC), founded in 1957, has the difficult task to stimulate and protect the cottage industry. The KVIC was and still is today a powerful stimulator of kagji.

 Reference: Teygeler, R (1998) Handmade paper from India. Kagaj: yesterday, today and tomorrow in: IPH Congress Book, 1998(12). International Association of Paper historians, Marburg, 2002: pp.185-194.

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January Current Affairs part 9 (One liner)

 1. Canara Bank has raised Rs. 1635 crores through insurance of additional Tier-I bonds.

2. Delhi gets its best air quality in December 2020 in the last 4 years

3. GoAir announced expansion of their service to UAE.

4. Jubiliant Foodwaorkd Ltd. will invest 792 crores to buy shares in Barbeque Nation Hospitality Ltd. (IOCL).

5. Praj Industries Ltd. has bagged a Rs. 225.90 crore order from Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

6. Mumbai Airport launched an app  to offer a guided virtual tour of its Jaya He GKV Museums.

7. Russian Sumo wrestler Dzhambulat Khatokhov passes away, his name was entered in Guinness Book of World record as heaviest child in 2003.

8.   Soma Mondal has taken over as first ever women head of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).

9. Dr. Raghu Ram Pillarsetti was honoured with ‘OBE-Officer of the Excellent order of British Empire’.

10. SEBI fined Mukesh Ambani and Reliance Industries a total amount of Rs. 40 crore.

January Current Affairs part 8

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

•ADB signs $100-mn loan with Indian gov 

Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Indian government signed a $100-million dollar loan on 31 December 2020. This loan will be used to enhance the power distribution system of Bengaluru in Karnataka with an aim to modernise and upgrade the power distribution system.  This loan will help to enhance the quality and reliability of electricity supply in Bengaluru city. 

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•Bank of Baroda launches WhatsApp banking 

Bank of Baroda announced the launch of banking services on WhatsApp for customers and non-customers of the bank. The services offered by the bank via WhatsApp will be balance inquiry, mini statement, cheque status enquiry, cheque book request, blocking of a debit card, information on Bank's product and services, etc. The service is available for customers and non-customers of the bank. 

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•UP gov to set up warehouse unit in Lucknow 

The Uttar Pradesh Government has approved the first investment proposal under the State Warehousing and Logistics Policy-2018 for the establishment of a warehousing unit in Lucknow. The warehousing unit is spread over an area of 86,000 square meters at Bhukapur village of Sarojini Nagar in Lucknow. 

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•Global Ayurveda festival from March 12-19 

Union Minister of State V Muraleedharan announced that the fourth Global Ayurveda Festival (GAF 2021) will be held from March 12 to 19 in Kerala as a virtual meet  Union Minister of State V Muraleedharan is the chairman of this Ayurveda festival. The fest would feature 12 seminars per day at five venues. The festival which was scheduled in May 2020 was postponed due to the pandemic. 

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•Delhi Gov sets up Tamil Academy 

An academy has been set up by the Delhi government to promote the Tamil language and culture in Delhi. The academy has been notified under the Department of Art, Culture, and Language of the Delhi government on January 3rd, 2021. The Delhi government has appointed the current member of Delhi Tamil Sangam N Raja as the vice-chairman of the academy 

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•FAU-G to be launched on Republic Day 

Highly awaited mobile video game FAU-G Is all set to launch on India's 71th Republic day on 26th January 2021. FAU-G will be a third-person shooter game featuring a level based on the recent Indo-China clashes in eastern Ladakh. The launch date of the FAU-G game was announced by nCore Games by its brand ambassador and Bollywood star Akshay Kumar. 

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•Malayalam Poet Anil Panachooran dies 

Well-known Malayalam poet and lyricist Anil Panachooran died at a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram at night after suffering a heart attack on 3rd January 2021. Anil Panachooran who tested positive for COVID-19 was undergoing treatment at a hospital in Kollam district. He was known for his famous lyrics in movies like Arabikadha and Madambi. 

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•January 4: World Braille Day 

World Braille Day is observed on January 4 every year on the birth anniversary of Louis Braille who was the inventor of the Braille language. Louis Braille has created a language called “Braille” for the visually impaired so that they can also read and write. The first-ever World Braille Day was celebrated on January 4 in 2019 after it was approved by the United Nations General Assembly. 

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•US gov passes Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act 

The U.S. Congress has passed the ‘Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act’ for Pakistani women. The bill now heads to the White House for US President Donald Trump to sign into law. The bill requires the US Agency for International Development to award at least 50 percent of scholarships under a Pakistan-based higher education scholarship program to Pakistani women, from 2020 to 2022. 

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•Germany approves over €1bn in arms deal 

The German government approved a total of €1.16 billion ($1.41 billion) in arms exports during 2020 to countries involved in both the Yemen and Libya conflicts. In 2020, the German government signed off on weapons exports to countries involved in the deadly conflicts in Yemen and Libya. Germany is one of the top five arms exporters worldwide, along with the US, Russia, France, and China. 

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•S Muralidhar: New Chief Justice of Orissa HC 

Justice S Muralidhar took oath as the new Chief Justice of Orissa High Court on the 4th of January 2021. Justice Muralidhar is the 32nd Chief Justice of Orissa High Court. He succeeds his predecessor Justice Mohammad Rafiq, who has been transferred and appointed as the new Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court. 

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•Train services started in Bengaluru airport 

The much-awaited train services from Bengaluru city to Kempegowda International Airport has started on the 4th January 2021. The first train left KSR Bengaluru at 4.45 a.m and reached the newly-built halt station near the Airport at 5.50 a.m. This train service comes as a huge relief for passengers and thousands of people working at the airport. 

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•L&T bags over Rs 7,000 Cr order from HPCL 

L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering (LTHE), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Larsen & Turbo has bagged an over Rs 7,000 crore order from HPCL Rajasthan Refinery Ltd (HRRL) for setting up a dual-feed cracker unit. HPCL Rajasthan Refinery Ltd is a joint venture between Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL) and the Government of Rajasthan. 

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•Woolly rhino from the Ice Age found in Russia 

A well-preserved Ice Age woolly rhino with many of its internal organs still intact has been recovered from permafrost in Russia's extreme north. The carcass was found on the bank of the Tirekhtyakh river in the Abyisk district, close to the area where another young woolly rhino was recovered in 2014. Scientists dated the carcass as anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000-years-old. 

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•DRDO to boost mushroom farming in Northeast 

Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has conducted a three-day skill development program on mushroom farming and spawn production technology in Jan 2021. In the training session, participants from Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Assam have imparted training on oyster mushroom cultivation technology. 

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•Chinese firm gets contract for RRTS project 

The National Capital Region Transport Corporation has awarded a contract to a Chinese company, Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Company Limited, for the construction of a 5.6-kilometer, underground stretch, from New Ashok Nagar to Sahibabad, of the Delhi-Meerut RRTS project. The contract will be awarded a certain set of procedures and guidelines. 

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•PM Modi delivers inaugural address at NMC 

PM Modi virtually inaugurated the National Metrology Conclave on January 4th, 2021. The theme of the conclave was ‘Metrology for the Inclusive Growth of the Nation. The conclave has been organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL). CSIR-NPL has completed 74 years after its inception. 

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• FSSAI slashes limit for trans fat levels 

The Food Safety and Standards Authority 

of India has capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 3% for 2021 and 2% by 2022 from the current permissible limit of 5% through an amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations. Trans fats are associated with increased risk of heart attacks and death from coronary heart disease. 

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January Current Affairs part 6

Hello friends in this article you are going to read current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

 1. GST Revenue collection recorded all time high 

•Over 1.15 lakh cr gross GST revenue was collected in Dec 2020 which is 12% higher than the GST revenues Dec 2019. 

•The gross GST revenue collected in Dec'20 is 2 115,174 cr of which CGST is 21,365 cr, SGST is 2 27,804 cr, and IGST is 57,426 cr. 

•The GST revenues during Dec'20 have been the highest since the introduction of GST and it is the first time that it has crossed 1.15 lakh cr. 

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2. New method of producing hydrogen peroxide 

•Scientists have found an efficient and inexpensive method for producing hydrogen peroxide. 

•Researchers from Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) have shown that a chemical called Nickel cobalt phosphite (NiCo-Phi) decorated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can facilitate ORR to produce H202 selectively in high yield. 

•The research was published in the journal ChemElectroChem. 

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3. Zhong Shanshan: Asia's richest person 

•China's Zhong Shanshan has become Asia's richest person, replacing India's Mukesh Ambani and a group of Chinese tech titans including Jack Ma. 

• Zhong’s net worth has surged $70.9 billion in 2021 to $77.8 billion, making him the 11th-richest person on the planet, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. 

•It's one of the fastest accumulations of wealth in history. 

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4. Indian Army creates a new human rights cell 

•The Indian Army has created a new human rights cell for greater transparency and probity in its functioning in disturbed areas like J&K and the northeast. 

•Major General Gautam Chauhan, who was commissioned into the Gorkha Rifles, has taken charge as the first additional director general (human rights) at the Army headquarters in New Delhi. 

•He will report directly to the Army Vice-Chief. 

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5. RBI introduces Digital Payments Index 

•The RBI has constructed a composite Digital Payments Index (DPI) to capture the extent of digitisation of payments across the country. 

•It comprises of five broad parameters that enable measurement of deepening and penetration of digital payments in the country over different time periods. 

•It has been constructed with March 2018 as the base period, with a DPI score for of 100. 

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6. Delhi govt extends water bill waiver scheme 

•The Delhi government has extended till March 31, 2021, its scheme offering a one-time waiver of water bill arrears and late payment surcharge. 

•Under the scheme, all categories of houses get an exemption from late fee payments, while their pending water bills are waived partly or fully depending on the housing category. 

•The scheme was launched in August 2020, 

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7. Indian Army signs contract with Goa Shipyard 

•The Indian Army has signed a contract with Goa Shipyard Limited for 12 fast patrol boats for surveillance and patrolling of large water bodies. 

•The boats would be used for patrols in high altitude regions. 

•The signing of the contract comes eight months after India first detected intrusions by Chinese soldiers into Indian territory including along the banks of the Pangong Tso lake. 

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8. Bajaj Auto: 1st to cross m-cap of 21 lakh cr 

•Bajaj Auto has become the first two-wheeler company across the globe to cross a market capitalisation of 1-lakh crore (around $13.6 billion). 

•Bajaj Auto is the world's third-largest manufacturer of motorcycles and the largest manufacturer of three-wheelers. 

•The company has its manufacturing facilities at Chakan near Pune, Waluj (Aurangabad) and Pantnagar (Uttrakhand). 

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9. KVIC unveils e-commerce portal 

• The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) has unveiled an e-commerce portal eKhadilndia.com. 

• Over 50,000 products, ranging from apparel to home decor, will be available on its newly launched platform. 

•The portal is the first-of-its-kind government online shopping platform to boost the rural economy and become self-sustainable. 

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10. 215 lakh penalty imposed on Bharti AXA 

•Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDAI) has imposed a total penalty of 215 lakh on Bharti AXA General Insurance Company. 

•It has been fined in two different cases for violation of various provisions concerning motor insurance. 

• IRDAI imposed a penalty of 210 lakh on it for non-compliance with minimum obligations under regulations concerning third-party motor insurance business. 

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January Current Affairs part 5

 Hello friend in this article you are going to read some current affairs that can help you in competitive exams. The one liner current affair is also there so go and check that too.

1. Canara Bank raises 21,635 crores 

•Canara Bank has raised 21,635 crores through the issuance of additional tier-| bonds. 

• This will help it increase its capital adequacy ratio. 

•As of September-end 2020, the bank's capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CRAR) stood at 12.77%. 

•In the 2nd quarter ended Sept'20, it reported a 28% dip in profit after tax at 444 cr compared to %616 crore in the same quarter of the previous fiscal, 

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2. Delhi's air quality in Dec best in 4 years 

•Pollution levels in Delhi in December 2020 were the lowest in the last four years, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). 

•The average air quality index (AQI) for December 2020 stood at 308. 

•It was 337 in 2019, 360 in 2018 and 316 in 2017, the CPCB data showed. 

•It recorded four "severe" air quality days in Dec'20 as compared to eight each in 2019 and 2018 and one in 2017. 

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3. GoAir announces expansion of services to UAE 

•GoAir has announced the expansion of its services to the UAE with the launch of new flights to Sharjah from Mumbai, Delhi, Kochi and Kannur. 

•These flights started from 1 January 2021. 

•Currently, flights to the UAE are operated under an Air Bubble Agreement since international commercial flights to and from India remain suspended from March 23, 2020, in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. 

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4. Jubilant to buy stake in Barbeque Nation 

•Jubilant FoodWorks Ltd will invest 792 crores to buy a 10.76% stake in Barbeque Nation Hospitality Ltd (BNHL), which runs the popular Barbeque Nation (BBQ) chain of restaurants. 

•The company will acquire 36,50,794 fully paid-up equity shares of the face value of 5 percent each aggregating to 10.76% stake in BNHL. 

•The all-cash deal is expected to conclude by 25 January 2021. 

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5. Praj Industries bags 226.90 crore order 

•Praj Industries has bagged a 226.90 crore order from Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL). 

•It is for the execution of Zero liquid discharge system water treatment package and waste water treatment package of Acrylic/Oxo-Alcohol Project at IOCL Dumad, Gujarat. 

•Praj Industries Limited is a process and project engineering company, headquartered in Pune. 

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6.App for virtual tour of Jaya He GVK New Museum 

•The Mumbai airport authorities have launched an app to offer a guided virtual tour of its Jaya He GVK Museum with over 5,000 pieces of artwork and artifacts. 

•The app, Jaya He Museum, is available on all play stores. 

•Passengers using the airport's Terminal 2 can also access a web version of the tour by scanning a QR code. 

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7. SEBI fines Reliance Industries 

•SEBI fined Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) and its chairman and managing director Mukesh Ambani a total of 40 cr on Jan 1 for alleged manipulation in the trading of Reliance Petroleum Ltd's securities. 

•Fines of 25 cr and 215 cr have been imposed on RIL and Mr Ambani, respectively. 

•Two other entities, Navi Mumbai SEZ Pvt Ltd and Mumbai SEZ Ltd, have been fined 20 cr and 10 cr, respectively. 

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8. Dr Raghu Ram honoured with "OBE-Officer" 

•Dr. Raghu Ram Pillarisetti, Director, KIMS-USHALAKSHMI Centre for Breast Disease, has found a place in the Queen Elizabeth II's 2021 New Year's honours list. 

•He was honoured with ‘OBE-Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire' 

•OBE is the second-highest-ranking Order of the British Empire award. 

•He is also a recipient of Padma Shri award and Dr BC Rov National award. 

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9. Soma Mondal becomes SAIL's first woman head 

•Soma Mondal has taken over as first-ever woman head of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). 

•Before taking over as Chairperson of steel CPSU on Jan 1, 2021, she was the company's Director (Commercial). 

•She succeeds Anil Kumar Chaudhary, who superannuated on 31 December 2020. 

•Before joining SAIL as a Director, she was the Director (Commercial) at NALCO. 

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10. India, Pakistan exchange list of Nuclear sets 

•Pakistan and India conducted the annual practice of exchanging the list of their nuclear installations on 1 January 2021 under a bilateral arrangement. 

•It was made in accordance with Article-I! of the Agreement on Prohibition of Attacks against Nuclear Installations and Facilities between Pakistan and India, signed on December 31, 1988. 

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11. GHMC to add 650 more garbage collecting autos 

•The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) has announced to add about 650 more garbage collecting autos. 

•Under the Swachh Hyderabad initiative, they are currently about 2,500 autos that collect garbage door to door in the early hours of the day on alternative days. 

•In Swachh Survekshan 2020, GHMC was awarded the No 1 rank in the ‘Best Mega City in Citizen Feedback’ category. 

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January Current Affairs part 2

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1. ISRO Chief Sivan gets one-year extension 

•K Sivan, Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and Secretary, the Department of Space, has got a 1-year extension till January 14, 2022. 

•The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet extended the tenure of Sivan for one year. 

•He joined ISRO in 1982 and was inducted into the PSLV Project. He took over as ISRO chairman in January 2018. 

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2. Biden names Kathleen Hicks as first woman DDS 

•President-elect Joe Biden has nominated Kathleen Hicks to be his Deputy Defence Secretary, making her the first woman to hold the post if she is approved by the Senate. 

•Hicks served in the Obama regime and was confirmed by the Senate in 2012 as the Chief Deputy Under Secretary of Defence for policy. 

•Hicks also served as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defence for strategy, plans, and forces 

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3. New Karnataka Chief Secretary appointed 

•P Ravi Kumar, an IAS officer of the 1984 batch, has been appointed as the new Chief Secretary of Karnataka. 

•He will take over from incumbent T M Vijay Bhaskar, who will retire from service on December 31, 2020. 

•Kumar, who is presently the Additional Chief Secretary, will be the 38th Chief Secretary of the state. 

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4. Delhi government notifies a policy 

•The Delhi govt has notified the Tree Transplantation Policy. 

•Under this, agencies will have to transplant a minimum of 80 per cent of the trees affected by their development works. 

•Ten saplings will be planted for each tree transplanted or felled and the Department of Forests and Wildlife will keep a detailed and up-to-date record of applications approved for tree felling. 

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5. Umesh Sinha appointed Dy Election Commissioner 

•Umesh Sinha has been appointed as the Deputy Election Commissioner in the Election Commission of India. 

•Sinha, a 1986-batch IAS officer (retired) of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, is at present the Secretary-General in the commission. 

•Sinha is a part of a committee set up by the Election Commission to look into the issue of revising the election expenditure of candidates during campaigning. 

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December current affairs part 7

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

1. Ranjitsinh Disale: School teacher from Solapur bagged prestigious Global Teacher Prize 2020 

•He was honoured for having "transformed the life chances" of girls at the Zilla Parishad Primary School in Paritewadi, in Maharashtra state. He also introduced digital learning tools and his system of QR Coded Textbooks is now used across India.

•He won the National Innovation Foundation's Innovator award 2018 

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2. “Govt launches Green Charcoal Hackathon' in bid to reduce carbon footprint 

•Union Minister RK Singh launched the ‘Green Charcoal Hackathon' with aim to create a conducive environment by reducing carbon emissions, nurture technology solutions. 

•Aim is to achieve clean air by eliminating farm fire & produce enregy from agri wastes. 

•NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam launched the event. 

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3. Kolkata's Majerhat Bridge named "Jai Hind" 

•West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has named the newly-built Majerhat bridge in Kolkata as "Jai Hind" bridge to commemorate the 125th birth anniversary of Subhas Chandra Bose. 

• The bridge, on the arterial Diamond Harbour Road, connects the central part of the city to the southwestern suburbs of Behala and beyond. 

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4. Vice President releases a book 

•Vice President Venkaiah Naidu has virtually released the book, '40 Years with Abdul KalamUntold Stories’ authored by Dr Sivathanu Pillai. 

•The book provides a gripping first-hand account of Dr Kalam’ life. 

•It has been published by Pentagon Press LLP and the foreword has been written by Pranab Mukherjee, former President of India. 

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5. Delhi govt launches electric vehicles forum 

•The Delhi government announced the launch of an “EV forum’, a common platform for multiple stakeholders to hold discussions on the government's electric vehicle policy. 

•The focus of Delhi's EV forum would be to enable engagement of a wide range of stakeholders in the EV ecosystem for successful implementation of the EV policy. 

•The objective of the policy is to combat air pollution in Delhi. 

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6. Bhoomi pujan for new Parliament building 

•PM Narendra Modi will lay the foundation and perform 'bhumi pujan' for new Parliament building in New Delhi on December 10. 

•The new Parliament building will have a seating capacity for 888 members in the Lok Sabha, and the Rajya Sabha will have a capacity of 384. 

•Gujarat-based architecture firm HCP Designs has designed the Central Vista redevelopment project. 

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September Current Affairs part 4

 Hello friends in this article we are going to continue are current affairs series.

1. Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) has launched India's first airport COVlD-19 testing facility at Indira Gandhi International Airport for arriving international passengers with domestic connection. The test will cost Rs. 2,400 and results will be available in 4-6 hours. Those who test negative will be allowed for their onward journey and won't need to undergo any institutional quarantine. 

Important points- i. DIAL Establishment- 2006

ii. DIAL CEO- Videh Kumar Jaipuriar

2.  Moody's Investors Service has projected that the Indian economy will contract 11.5% during 2020-21 due to the impact of the lockdown and continued rise in COVID-19 cases. In July, it had projected that the Indian economy will contract 4% in the current fiscal. The rating agency said that India's debt burden will peak at around 90% of GDP in 2020-21. 

Important points- i. Moody's Investors Service provides international financial research on bonds issued by commercial and government entities

ii. Moody's Investor's Service HQ- New York, US.

iii. Moody's Investor's Service CEO- Raymond W. McDaniel Jr 

August Current affair part-2

 Hello friends in this blog you are going to read Current affairs of August.

1. Maharashtra has adopted Google's G Suite for Education and Google Classroom for administering online education. The move is expected to equip over 2.3 teachers and students across the state with free digital tools. "I will empower teachers to provide excellent educational experiences, nurture individual needs and enable students to learn better together." CMO Maharashtra tweeted.

2. PM Modi on on Friday said that National Education Policy or NEP 2020 is aimed at keeping Indian talent base  in India. "We're trying to ensure that the talent of India stays at India stays India and works for the developments for generations to come", said PM Modi on 'Transformational Reforms in Higher Education Under NEP'.

3. Mauritius PM Pravin Jugnauth has declared a 'state of environmental emergency' after a Japanese-owned ship spills tons of fuel. The MV Wakashio, which was carrying nearly 4,00 tons of fuel, ran around a coral reef off the Indian island on July 25 and its crew was evacuated. Satellite images showed a dark slick spreading in the surrounding water. 

4. Millions of Android devices, fitted with Qualcomm chips, are at potential  risk due to over 400 security flaws in the chips, according to Check Point Research. Check Point tested the chip and found that attackers could render the mobile phone constantly on responsive and ex-filtrate information without user interaction. Check Point informed Qualcomm and the company has patched 6 flaws.

5. Google may acquire a 10% stake in online insurance platform, Policy Bazaar for $150 million, according to reports. The deal reportedly comes as a part of Google's efforts to increase it's presence in the Indian Digital market. Soft Bank, which holds a 15% stake in Policy Bazaar, make a partial exit, reports added.

6. Union  Minister for culture and tourism Prahlad Singh Patel on Wednesday said that the Ram Temple will boost the religious/spiritual tourism in India. Religious/spiritual tourism has proven resilient to the pressure of the global recession because it is not seen as a luxury but rather travel with a purpose, Patel said. The temple's foundation stone was laid on August 5.

7. On the first death anniversary of late External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj, EAMS Jaishankar tweeted, "Today more than ever remember her fondly. Always an inspiration." Meanwhile Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad also paid tributes to the late leader, tweeting, "Will always remember her as a great orator, visionary, leader and above all a compassionate human being".

8. Indian vehicle manufacturer Mahindra and Mahindra reported a profit of 68 crore rupees for the quarter ended June 2020, down 97% year-on-year from 2,260 crore rupees, down 56% from Rs. 12,805 crore a year ago. After a first ever zero sales in the Month of April the industry is finding its way back, the firm said.

9. Reliance industries retail arm has been valued around 83 billion dollars in the over the counter market as its shares have searched Ahmed talks of a stake and investors in Reliance retail in the next few quarters, chairman Mukesh Ambani had said recently Reliance industries has a market value of 181 billion dollars.

10.Reliance industries chairman Mukesh Ambani has overtaken Europe's wealthiest man Bernard Arnault to become the world's 4th richest person according to Bloomberg billionaires index. Ambani is now worth 80.6 billion dollars, after gaining 22 billion dollars this year. The 63 year old trails co founder Bill gates and Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on the Bloomberg index.

11. The Bihar school examination board has passed 2.14 lakh students who had failed in other one or two subjects in class 10 and 12th exams by giving them grace marks as a one time exception amid Covid-19, state education minister Krishandan Prasad Verma said."if compartmental exams were held results would have been published by end of November or December" he added.

12. Ministry of civil aviation ( MoCA) said that flights have no problem and the Vande Bharat mission, amid Covid-19 pandemic, will continue. This comes after an Air India express flight which was part of of the Vande Bharat mission, crash landed at Kozhikode airport on Friday and 18 people lost their lives. Over 9 lakh Indians have returned home under Vande Bharat mission.

13. The Delhi government on Friday sent notices to 5584 forms in the city for not filing tax returns. In 2019 the government it had collected around 5792 crore rupees in text returns from January to March, but this year the collection has been only 3777  crore rupees in the same period the government is also preparing a list of tax defaulters.

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