What are stem cells? - Random facts part-3

Do you know what are stem cells? Read this article to know what are stem cells, and what is their function.

Stem cells can easily called wizards of our body because they have a peculiar capacity [scientific word meaning to develop] to differentiate  into specialized cell. so these little fellows, if provided, with suitable conditions, can develop into any organ. They are found in bone marrow, blood from which they need to be extracted] and the most recently found source in the umbilical cord. Nowadays, stem cells are also artificial grown under controlled conditions. 

Stem cell technology is a beautifully engineered process, in which new stem cells are introduced into damaged tissues in order to treat the disease or injury. The ability of stem cells to renew themselves and thereby give rise to subsequent generations to, is used replace deceased and damaged areas in the body. The risks of side effects is minimal. 

This technology acts as a saviour in a wide range of issues from brain damage to spinal cord injury. It has emerged as a reasonable treatment for fatal problems of heart damage and the worldwide menace  of cancer. Researchers have successfully transplanted transplanted corneal stem cells into damaged eyes to restore vision. Even sell technology. For diabetic chocolate lovers, insulin producing stem cells would solve there problems.    

This technology will be helpful to us and will change the medical facilities in India and all around the world.

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What are invertebrates? Animal World part 13

 In some of the previous articles (which contained of part 8 and part 9 ) we read about invertebrates, but there wasn't a lot of information regarding to them. But now in this article and next articles, you are going to red about invertebrates in deep. So let's start.

Now if you have ever seen a human skeleton, then you know that it contains backbone, and we humans and other vertebrates (animals with backbone) can't survive long without our backbone. We are able to walk because of backbone. But there are animals which don't have backbone. These are called invertebrates. Of millions of species in this Earth around 97% of them are invertebrates. Common examples of invertebrates are insects, spiders, snails, clams worms and molluscs. 

But body structure of animals in the all Earth is not same. Even though a bear and caterpillar are animals but their body structures are very different.

In animal kingdom, invertebrates are actually the largest group. The total number of invertebrate species are around 30 million. But vertebrates are only around 60,000 to 70,000. Invertebrates include animals both on land and in water. 

Invertebrates have a long history, fossil records show invertebrates existed even 600 million years ago, which is even before dinosaurs. Invertebrates are also the major food source of animals like birds and fishes, you may have seen fishes and birds eating worms and insects. Invertebrates play a major role in life of vertebrates.

Many of the invertebrates work like pests and parasites such as grasshoppers and ladybug.

So lets summarize this article-

1. Invertebrates are animals without any backbone.

2. There is a lot of difference between body structure of vertebrates and invertebrates.

3. Most animal life on the planet is invertebrates, they have 30 million species in them.

So that's it for today guys hope you enjoyed, if yes then show your support by sharing this article with your friends.

Do Animal Classification change? Animal Word part 12

 We have made articles on binomial system of classifying animals and people who were first to classify animals in their own way if you haven't read those then visit our page to see them or just click here for reading people who classified animals and click here for knowing what is binomial system of classifying animals. But another question arises that does the classifications in which a species is put changes? Now if you don't know about that then read this article till the end to know does this all changes, so lets begin.

When classifying animals was at initial stage the man was totally depended on his senses, that's why classifying animals was observation and our observation had limited scope because of our senses. Our senses may device us too. But in this modern era, we have well sophisticated classifying system and better equipment we can classify animals with ease and with more accuracy.

Animal classification (taxonomy is branch of science dealing with it) now uses sophisticated scientific methods to identify relationships between species. 
But id you have read our previous article of people who classified animals, then you know that the method of classifying animals also changes. This means there is a probability that the group in which a species is kept can change. Occasionally, new species are identified.

Now if you didn't understand first read the article in which we talked about peopled who classified animals, and then we also have an example for you.

Until a recent DNA studies were conducted on elephants, it was thought that there were only two species of elephants which are Asian Elephant and African Elephant. But in an recent research of 2010, it was revealed that African Elephants are actually of types. African Bush Elephants and African Forest Elephants. This way there are now three species of elephants.   

So, to conclude lets summarize-

1. At initial stage of taxonomy, man was totally depended on it's senses, but now we use sophisticated scientific system of classifying animals.

2. Ways of classifying animals changed with time, which resulted in changing of groups in which species were placed, this also sometimes result in identifying new species of animals.

3. The classification of an animal can change according to change in system.

Thanks for reading share this article for more such informative articles. Please check our other series too.

'What is binomial system of scientific names?" Animal World part 11

 Before starting this article read the previous article by clicking here, so people who have read the previous article would obviously have read about Carl Linnaeus who popularized the binomial system of naming organisms. 

So as you may know that the all the animals we know have a separate scientific names. For example humans are called Homo Sapiens. Sometimes, it is hard to recall these names too, as there are millions of species and types of animals on the Earth. However, the knowledge of their scientific names would help us in categorizing the animals according to their similarities and differences. 

The binomial system is the system which is used today for naming the organisms. It is the formal method of naming different species. It is the formal method of naming animals. In binomial system animals are given scientific names with two terms- with a genus name and a specific descriptor.

Genus is the major subdivision in which organisms are classified and the descriptor is the category in which the organisms falls. 

Eg: Homo Sapiens- 'Homo' is the genus referring to animals with large brains and use tools.  

Whereas 'Sapiens' is the category that pertains to modern humans.

Here is a list of some common animals and their scientific names-

1. Dog- Canis Lupus

2. Cat- Felis Catus

3. Horse- Equus caballus

4. Goat- Capra aegagrus hircus

5. Donkey- Equus asinus 

6. Cow- Bos taurus

7. Tiger- Panthera tigris 

8. Lion- Felis leo

9. Indian Elephant- Elephas maximus indicus

So to conclude this let me summarize this article-

1. Binomial system is used to name animals.

2. In binomial system scientific names are given with two term- one genus and other the specific descriptor.

So I hope you liked the article , if yes then share this article and read the previous parts if you haven't read those.

Who classified animals first? - Animal World part 10

So, we read in previous articles that why and how are animals classified. if you haven't read those article click here. 

So, now we know 'why are animals classified?', 'how are animals classified?' 

But do you know first people who classified animals? Now in this article you are going to read about people who first classified animals and the different ways they did their classification.

After the language came into existence people named animals differently in different languages. Our scientific temper had triggered us to order and categorize living and non-living things for understanding and studying them easily. We observed, named and compared animals and plants.

So our first contestant  in classification list is from Ancient Greece, he was an philosopher ad the first known man to classify animals, and he is Aristotle. He classified animals according to their various characteristics. 

Eg- 1. Do they lay eggs or give birth to young ones.

2. Are they warm blooded or cold blooded.

The second contestant is the writer of book which is considered as the first encyclopedia. The Roman Naturalist who was the writer of Naturalis Historia (first considered encyclopedia) and he is Pliny the Elder. He did research in 1st century AD, he died in 79 AD.

Then we find our next contestant in 17th century AD. The English naturalist John Ray published works on botany and zoology. He classified animals on the basis of the similarities he observed, and he was the first person who gave the scientific definition to the word 'Species'.

So, these were all people who were famous for classifying animals, but their systems are not very  systematic. So our last contestant of this list is from 18th Century, he is known as the father of modern taxonomy. He is Carl Linnaeus a Swedish botanist. He popularized the binomial naming system and introduced the used of kingdoms, orders, classes, genera and species. This system of Linnaeus is still used today.

So I hope you liked the article make sure that you share this article and at last thanks for watching.

"What is purpose of classifying animals?" Animal World part 9

Before an exam you have to revise everything, or sometimes you read everything again, you can't read each and everything which is coming in your exams quickly. So, you divide it in subjects and subjects in chapters and chapter are divided into topics. Like this we can easily study and revise everything easily. 

In the same way ordering and classifying animals makes it very each to study them. Animal classification is the process of identifying, naming and organizing animal species. So, as there is a branch of science for each thing, for this (animal classification) the branch of science is called 'taxonomy'.

Animals; as we read in this previous article, can be broadly classified in two categories- Vertebrates which have backbone and Invertebrates which don't have backbone. So, there are around 8 million species in Kingdom Animalia (Animal Kingdom) in which most are invertebrates. Now my question to you people is that how many percent of animals are invertebrates (I mentioned this in the previous part).

Each organism is classified into Kingdom, class, order, family, genus and species. So, if I ask you how many kingdoms are there in all? What would you answer? There are five kingdoms in all. In which Animal and Plant Kingdoms are main, and out of them we are only studying about Animal Kingdom, but after we finish Animal World we will study more about plants.

So now let me give you information about all kingdoms-

1. Animalia Kingdom- This includes animals

2. Plantae Kingdom- This includes plants

3. Protista Kingdom- This includes single-celled organisms

4. Fungi Kingdom- This includes yeast, moulds, mushroom, etc.

5. Monera Kingdom- This includes Bacteria.

For some scientists there are these five kingdoms, and they include Arechaea and Bacteria in Monera kingdom only. But for some scientists they include Arechaea as a different kingdom. 

Thanks for reading share this article with your friends and family, and if you have any interesting topic then comment it down.

'How are animals classified?' Animal World part 8

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read our Animal World series.

So, how many animals you know, maybe 50, 70, or hundreds, whatever the list of the animals would be long. There are innumerable number of animals all around the globe. But we have ways to classify them.

There are millions of different kind of animals and they are broadly divided into two categories. Animals with backbones or vertebrates and animals without backbone or invertebrate.Some common vertebrates are cats, dogs, horses, fishes, humans, etc. Jellyfishes, octopuses, squids are some examples of invertebrates. 

There are four types of vertebrate. They are mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes and reptiles. But out of millions of animals on Earth 97% of them are just invertebrates. There are three types of invertebrates they are insects, spiders and worms. Some of the major groups in invertebrates are Ponifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Echinodermata and Anthropoda.

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‘Why did organisms need to move from one ocean to land?’ Animal World part 6

Hello friends in this article you are going to read about why organisms had to move from oceans to land, so if you are new to this blog I will recommend you to read our Animal World series.

 

So let’s go to the point when the life just occurred on our planet, the oceans provided the most conductive natural conditions for the occurrence of life. The dry land provided further opportunity for growth and development of life. In the process of evolution the movement of animals from water to land was a great milestone in this journey of life.

In the earliest stage of life single-celled organisms lived in water and then developed to multi-cellular organisms and became complex and complex. The first forms of life were plants like algae, mosses and lichens; these only provided the food which was required for animals in the water.

In some millions of years new forms of plant life developed. These plants had new feature like roots, stems and leaves, which made them organisms which could survive on land and mostly in wet, swampy areas on land.

When the food was there on land too, the animals gradually evolved in order to survive on land. The availability of food was the most important factor in movement of animals on land. The first animals to roam on land probably were worms and some other soft-bodied invertebrates. They were probably followed by some fishes that also evolved over thousands of years and developed limbs to walk and lungs to breathe and they were followed by reptiles that could live both in land and water, and as you know they are called amphibians.

 

Thanks for reading share this article with your friends and family for the next part, the view target of this article is 25 views again, hope you will complete it fast.

‘What is the theory of evolution?’ Animal World part 7

 Hello friends we are back with our Animal World series and this article you are going to read about the ‘Theory of Evolution’ in a short and simple manner.

 

Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, made a solution to the evolution of life on Earth by their theory of evolution, as there were many myths that how life emerged and it was different in each religion.

So, the Theory was made in 1859, according to Charles Darwin, the living things we have seen today have been evolving from a very long duration of time, and this took millions of years for the evolution of life. This theory says that different species may show many similarities because they have evolved from the common ancestor. Charles Darwin explained that different species evolved by a process called natural selection. The characteristics of each individual are determined by extremely small pieces of genetic material called genes. Genes are present in nuclei of body’s cells. Sometimes certain change in the genes take place, these are called mutations. These mutations cause formation of new characteristics in individuals. Some mutations are even harmful and make the survival of babies difficult. The animals with this harmful mutation may not be able to compete with other animals for food and space to live.

While there are some mutations which make animals more fit and able to survived in new conditions. These animals gradually increase in number. In this way, nature selects these animals and individuals who are the best to survive in this changing environment. This is called the natural selection.

Giraffe is an excellent example of natural selection, animals that had longer necks were able to reach up higher and get more food. The animals like giraffe survived and other with short necks couldn’t compete with them and therefore died.

 

Thanks for reading share this article with your friends and family for more such informative articles, today’s view target is 25 views, hope you will complete it quickly and as it completes I will upload the next part.

January Current Affairs part 8

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

•ADB signs $100-mn loan with Indian gov 

Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Indian government signed a $100-million dollar loan on 31 December 2020. This loan will be used to enhance the power distribution system of Bengaluru in Karnataka with an aim to modernise and upgrade the power distribution system.  This loan will help to enhance the quality and reliability of electricity supply in Bengaluru city. 

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•Bank of Baroda launches WhatsApp banking 

Bank of Baroda announced the launch of banking services on WhatsApp for customers and non-customers of the bank. The services offered by the bank via WhatsApp will be balance inquiry, mini statement, cheque status enquiry, cheque book request, blocking of a debit card, information on Bank's product and services, etc. The service is available for customers and non-customers of the bank. 

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•UP gov to set up warehouse unit in Lucknow 

The Uttar Pradesh Government has approved the first investment proposal under the State Warehousing and Logistics Policy-2018 for the establishment of a warehousing unit in Lucknow. The warehousing unit is spread over an area of 86,000 square meters at Bhukapur village of Sarojini Nagar in Lucknow. 

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•Global Ayurveda festival from March 12-19 

Union Minister of State V Muraleedharan announced that the fourth Global Ayurveda Festival (GAF 2021) will be held from March 12 to 19 in Kerala as a virtual meet  Union Minister of State V Muraleedharan is the chairman of this Ayurveda festival. The fest would feature 12 seminars per day at five venues. The festival which was scheduled in May 2020 was postponed due to the pandemic. 

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•Delhi Gov sets up Tamil Academy 

An academy has been set up by the Delhi government to promote the Tamil language and culture in Delhi. The academy has been notified under the Department of Art, Culture, and Language of the Delhi government on January 3rd, 2021. The Delhi government has appointed the current member of Delhi Tamil Sangam N Raja as the vice-chairman of the academy 

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•FAU-G to be launched on Republic Day 

Highly awaited mobile video game FAU-G Is all set to launch on India's 71th Republic day on 26th January 2021. FAU-G will be a third-person shooter game featuring a level based on the recent Indo-China clashes in eastern Ladakh. The launch date of the FAU-G game was announced by nCore Games by its brand ambassador and Bollywood star Akshay Kumar. 

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•Malayalam Poet Anil Panachooran dies 

Well-known Malayalam poet and lyricist Anil Panachooran died at a private hospital in Thiruvananthapuram at night after suffering a heart attack on 3rd January 2021. Anil Panachooran who tested positive for COVID-19 was undergoing treatment at a hospital in Kollam district. He was known for his famous lyrics in movies like Arabikadha and Madambi. 

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•January 4: World Braille Day 

World Braille Day is observed on January 4 every year on the birth anniversary of Louis Braille who was the inventor of the Braille language. Louis Braille has created a language called “Braille” for the visually impaired so that they can also read and write. The first-ever World Braille Day was celebrated on January 4 in 2019 after it was approved by the United Nations General Assembly. 

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•US gov passes Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act 

The U.S. Congress has passed the ‘Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act’ for Pakistani women. The bill now heads to the White House for US President Donald Trump to sign into law. The bill requires the US Agency for International Development to award at least 50 percent of scholarships under a Pakistan-based higher education scholarship program to Pakistani women, from 2020 to 2022. 

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•Germany approves over €1bn in arms deal 

The German government approved a total of €1.16 billion ($1.41 billion) in arms exports during 2020 to countries involved in both the Yemen and Libya conflicts. In 2020, the German government signed off on weapons exports to countries involved in the deadly conflicts in Yemen and Libya. Germany is one of the top five arms exporters worldwide, along with the US, Russia, France, and China. 

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•S Muralidhar: New Chief Justice of Orissa HC 

Justice S Muralidhar took oath as the new Chief Justice of Orissa High Court on the 4th of January 2021. Justice Muralidhar is the 32nd Chief Justice of Orissa High Court. He succeeds his predecessor Justice Mohammad Rafiq, who has been transferred and appointed as the new Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court. 

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•Train services started in Bengaluru airport 

The much-awaited train services from Bengaluru city to Kempegowda International Airport has started on the 4th January 2021. The first train left KSR Bengaluru at 4.45 a.m and reached the newly-built halt station near the Airport at 5.50 a.m. This train service comes as a huge relief for passengers and thousands of people working at the airport. 

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•L&T bags over Rs 7,000 Cr order from HPCL 

L&T Hydrocarbon Engineering (LTHE), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Larsen & Turbo has bagged an over Rs 7,000 crore order from HPCL Rajasthan Refinery Ltd (HRRL) for setting up a dual-feed cracker unit. HPCL Rajasthan Refinery Ltd is a joint venture between Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL) and the Government of Rajasthan. 

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•Woolly rhino from the Ice Age found in Russia 

A well-preserved Ice Age woolly rhino with many of its internal organs still intact has been recovered from permafrost in Russia's extreme north. The carcass was found on the bank of the Tirekhtyakh river in the Abyisk district, close to the area where another young woolly rhino was recovered in 2014. Scientists dated the carcass as anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000-years-old. 

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•DRDO to boost mushroom farming in Northeast 

Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has conducted a three-day skill development program on mushroom farming and spawn production technology in Jan 2021. In the training session, participants from Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Assam have imparted training on oyster mushroom cultivation technology. 

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•Chinese firm gets contract for RRTS project 

The National Capital Region Transport Corporation has awarded a contract to a Chinese company, Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Company Limited, for the construction of a 5.6-kilometer, underground stretch, from New Ashok Nagar to Sahibabad, of the Delhi-Meerut RRTS project. The contract will be awarded a certain set of procedures and guidelines. 

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•PM Modi delivers inaugural address at NMC 

PM Modi virtually inaugurated the National Metrology Conclave on January 4th, 2021. The theme of the conclave was ‘Metrology for the Inclusive Growth of the Nation. The conclave has been organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL). CSIR-NPL has completed 74 years after its inception. 

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• FSSAI slashes limit for trans fat levels 

The Food Safety and Standards Authority 

of India has capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 3% for 2021 and 2% by 2022 from the current permissible limit of 5% through an amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulations. Trans fats are associated with increased risk of heart attacks and death from coronary heart disease. 

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'Miller's experiment and study of evolution' Animal World part 5

 Hello friends, this is another part of our Animal World series, it took so delay because the views were not coming, so please share this article, today's view target is 25 views.

So, we have seen time travel in several movies. But for now it is not possible for us to see the past of our Earth. Some scientists also tried to recreate the prehistoric past when life was non-existent and Earth was just cooling down for millions and billions of years. Stanley Miller, an American chemist, conducted many experiments in this regard and tried to prove how life came into existence. 

Miller conducted an experiment in 1953, which put light on sprouting the life on Earth. He filled a laboratory flask with a mixture of gases which were similar to the gases present in the Earth when it was a hot ball. He then fired electrical sparks through the gases through a week. The electrical gases had the same effect on the gases in the flask to that bolts on the Earth's atmosphere before the appearance of life.

After this experiment a lot of substances like amino acids and sugar were formed which are important for the life to grow. From this scientists concluded that the lighting bolts which were very common when the Earth was cooling reacted in this way that essential substances for life formed on this Earth and then the life occurred  and developed.

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From where did life start, land or water?- Animal World part 4

 Hello friends in this article we are going to continue our Animal World Series.

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In the previous blog we read-

1. History of evolution of plants and animals.

2. Which came first into existence animal or plant?

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In this blog you will read -

1. Why can’t we live in water?

2. From where did life start?

3. How oceans formed? (It may be not the perfect theory)

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Have you watched Aquaman movie? In that Aquaman could live in water, have you ever tried to hold your breath in water? We cannot live in water like fishes, as they have gills, which separate oxygen from water, and then they use this oxygen for survival.

However there are many animals which live in water, and yes the life was also started from water. Let’s know how.

2/3 part of Earth’s surface is water, seas and oceans were formed very-very long ago, when there were no plants and animals, on Earth. At that time when there were no oceans at Earth there were red hot rocks, then they cooled and gave stem this may had formed some type of cloud, and then the as there were clouds, so therefore it rained and it filled hollows and deep hole in Earth’s surface this made water sources, some of them were huge and other were small.

As we know the first life forms were not so complex and then they developed and became complex; and in the previous part we learned that the first plant was algae which was the first complex life form which lived in water.

Therefore we conclude that life started from water.

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November Current Affairs part 3 (New genus of treefrog)

 •A new genus of the old world treefrog family has been discovered in the Andaman Islands and Northeast India. 

•For the first time a tree frog species, Rohanixalus vittatus (Striped Bubble-nest frog), is reported from the Andaman Islands of India. 

• The new genus Rohanixalus is named after the Sri Lankan taxonomist Rohan Pethiyagoda. 

Thanks for reading share this article for more such informative articles.

'Which came first plants or animals?' Animal World part 3

 

Hello friends in this article we are going to continue our Animal World series.

 

In the previous part you read-

There are many differences between animals and plants in various fields like movement, food, and survival/taking care of oneself, stimuli, skin and growth.

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In this part you are going to read-

1. History of evolution of plants and animals.

2. Which came first animal or plant?

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Have you ever wondered which came first into existence plant or animal, for which today you will get your answer.

When the Earth was formed there was no life on it. The surface of earth was extremely hot; there were volcanoes which threw hot rocks, dust and gases in the air.

As we have read that the first organisms were single-celled, they lived about 3 billion years ago. They had no bones or shells, so they were like worms and jelly fishes.

Then these single celled organisms modified and became multi-celled organisms. Time passes and they became more complex. This you are reading from the first part and are very general information about evolution of life.

One of the first plants were algae, then these plants became more complex and yes the formation of animal life came after the plants, as we know that the plants are Heterotrophs and depend on plants and other animals for food.

So, we conclude that the plants came first into existence and animals came later into the existence. But another question is that, from where did the life start land or water and why. So, stay tuned with us and in the next article.

 

Thanks for reading, share this blog for more such informative articles.

 

 

 

 

NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 7) 1.5

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read about nutrients in the soil.

 

In the previous part you read-

1. Fungi

2. Symbiosis

3. Lichens

Link for the previous part-

 https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-science-notes-for-class-7-part-6.html

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In this part you are going to read about-

1. Different types of nutrients required by plants

2. What is Rhizobium?

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1. Ever thought why do farmers spray fertilizers in the soil? The fertilizers and manures which farmers put in their crop give the plants some essential nutrients like potassium, phosphorus. Etc.

 

2. These nutrients are added to the soil after a period of time as the plants absorb the nutrients present in the soil, and soil becomes deficient of nitrogen and nutrients.

 

3. But there is a bacterium called Rhizobium, it can make atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form for the plants.

 

4. As we know fruits and vegetables are rich source of vitamins, and vitamins are also nitrogenous food, so they also need nitrogen, and that’s another reason why farmers spray fertilizers.

 

5. The bacterium Rhizobium can’t make its own food but it lives in a symbiosis or symbiotic relation with the plant.

 

Thanks for reading share this blog for more such informative articles.

 

 

NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 6) 1.4

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read about Saprotrophs.

 

In the previous part you read about-

1. Parasitic nutrition

2. Insectivorous plants

Link for the previous part-

https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-science-notes-for-class-7-part-5.html

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In this article you are going to read about-

1. Fungi

2. Symbiosis

3. Lichens

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1. Have you heard or have seen fungi growing on food? The fungi absorb the nutrients from the food.

 

2. Saprotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms absorb the nutrients from dead or decaying matter like rotten bread.

3. Such organisms which use Saprotrophic nutrition are called Saprotrophs. The fungal spores are present in the air and when they land on wet and warm place they germinate very rapidly.

 

4. Some organisms live together and share the shelter and nutrients. This relationship is called symbiosis.

E.g. certain fungus lives in the roots of the plant. The plant provides nutrients to fungus and in return fungus provide the plant with water and some nutrients.

 

5. In lichens there is an organism called alga, which contains chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis lives with fungus which provides alga shelter, water and nutrients; and in return alga provides the fungus with food.

 

Thanks for reading share this blog for more such informative articles.

Next articles-

1. NCERT Science Notes for Class 7- Chapter 1- part 6 (1.5- How Nutrients are Replenished in the Soil)

Date- 18/Oct./2020 

 

2. What came first into existence plants or animals? ‘Animal World Part 3’

Date- 20/Oct./2020

 

3. Full notes for Science Class 7 Chapter 1.

Date- 20/Oct./2020

NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 5) 1.3

Hello friends in this blog you are going to read about some other modes of nutrition in plants.

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In the previous part you read-

1. What is a cell?

2. What is the structure of a cell?

Link for the previous blog-

https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-

science-notes-for-class-7-part-4.html

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In this blog we are going to read about-

1. Parasitic Nutrition

2.  Insectivorous plants

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1. Some plants do not have chlorophyll, so they cannot synthesize their own food. They use heterotrophic nutrition to fulfill their demand of food.

 

2. Parasites are organisms which use a heterotrophic mode of nutrition and collect food from their host; sometimes parasites are harmful for the host too.

 

3. Mosquito is also a parasite, but you will read about it later. In this chapter we will read about a parasite which feeds on the plants.

 

4. Amarbel or Cuscuta does not have chlorophyll; it takes readymade food from the plant it is climbing.

 

5. Plants which feed on insects are called insectivorous plants. It has a pitcher/jug like part which is a modified leaf.

 

6. The leaf forms a lid which opens and closes as per the requirement. Inside the mouth of the pitcher there are hairs which are directing downwards.

 

7. When an insect land the lid closes and the insect get trapped in the hair and get digested through digestive juices secreted by the plant.

 

Thanks for reading share this blog for more informative articles.

NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 4) Cell

Hello friends in this blog you are going to read about cells.  The next blogs for 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 will be uploaded on 17^th October.

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In the previous article we learned about-

1. Synthesis of nutrients other carbohydrates in plants.

Link for the previous part-

https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-

science-notes-for-class-7-part-3.html

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In this article we are going to read about-

1. What are cells?

2. What is the structure of cells?

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1. Like buildings are made with bricks, our body is also made up of cells; we can say that they are building blocks of our body.

 

2. Some organisms are made up of only one cell; they are called single celled organisms. You can read our ‘Animal World’ series to know more about these.

 

3. But some organisms are complex and have a lot of cells in them, so let us know more about cell and let’s know its structure.

 

4. So let’s start with the cell membrane; each cell is enclosed with a thin boundary which is called cell membrane.

 

5. Then we have the nucleus. In each cell there is a distinct, centrally located spherical shape nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded with a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm.  

 

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NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 3) 1.2- Photosynthesis- Food Making process in Plants

 

Hello friends in this part we will continue the science 1.2.

In the previous we had read-

1. Functions and roles of different parts of plant in photosynthesis.

2. A detailed explanation of photosynthesis.

Link of the previous part-

https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-science-notes-for-class-7-part-2.html

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In this article we are going to read-

1. Synthesis of nutrients other carbohydrates in plants.

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1. You may have seen leaves of colors other than green, they also contain chlorophyll. There is just a masking of red, brown or other color pigments which mask the green color.

 

2. Algae are also an autotroph they also contain chlorophyll, and it also make food through photosynthesis.

 

3. Carbohydratesas its name are made with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; these are also used to synthesize proteins, vitamins and fats.

 

4. But proteinsare nitrogenous substances which contain nitrogen. As we know there is almost 78% nitrogen, but plants cannot use this atmospheric nitrogen.

 

5. So, there is a special kind of bacteria which converts this atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form for plants and plants absorb this with water and minerals.

 

6. Farmers also spray some special type of fertilizer which contains nitrogen, to make soil rich in nitrogen.  

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Upcoming parts-

 

 Part 4- Cells

Part 5- 1.3- Other modes of nutrition in Plants

NCERT Science Notes for Class 7 (Part 2) 1.2- Photosynthesis- Food making process in Plants

Hello friends in this blog you are going to read about photosynthesis.

 

In the previous part you had read about-

1. What is nutrition?

2. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

 Link for previous part-

https://allinoneguidematerial.blogspot.com/2020/10/ncert-science-notes-for-class-7-part-1.html

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In this article we are going to read about-

1. Functions and roles of different parts of plant in photosynthesis.

2. A detailed explanation of photosynthesis.

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1. As we know plants make their food by photosynthesis (photo=light and synthesis=to combine) and use some simple substances like Carbon-dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O) and many mineralswhich are present in soil.

 

2. The roots absorb the water and minerals from soil and they are transported to leaves through stem.

 

3. The stem transports minerals and nutrients from the roots to the leaves by small pipes called vessels, in dessert plants photosynthesis is done by the stem.

 

4. The leaves have small pores in them; these are called stomata and are surrounded by guard cells. They take carbon-dioxide from air.

 

5. The cells of a leaf have a green pigment present in them, this green pigment is called chlorophyll, and it helps the leaves to capture Sun’s energy to make the food.

 

6. The word equation for photosynthesis is-

Carbon dioxide + Oxygen        _chlorophyll ^sunlight

= Carbohydrate + Oxygen.

 

7. If a plant’s leaves contain starch it indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis. Starch is also a type of carbohydrate.

 

Thanks for reading share this blog for more such informative articles.

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Upcoming parts- 

Part 3- 1.2- Photosynthesis- Food Making Process in Plants  (Part 2)

Part 4- Cells