'What does it mean when we say that India is sovereign?' Constitution of India part 9

In the previous article you read that does India have a state religion. If you haven't read this then click here, and if you want to read this whole series then view the page or click here. 

The preamble of Constitution; as you know it is the first page of Constitution, says that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic country. So secular means equal rights to all people, but what is sovereignty? Lets look at this. Fun Fact- India  became secular in 1970s. The 42 Amendment of Constitution of India asserted that India was a secular nation this was enacted in 1976.

India is a sovereign nation, that means that it has the supreme and ultimate power, in short it means the independent authority of State. The Constitution of India says that it's power lies in it's people. Our country has complete independence to choose for  itself. It doesn't succumb to any other external power. This means we can choose our representatives, like we choose our Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA, through an election which is held in a constituency. They choose the further leaders and representatives of our Country and states.

In monarchies the sovereign power lies with the monarch. But since India is a republic so the power lies in its elected representatives. 

So to complete this article let's summarize it-

1. India is a sovereign and secular country.

2. We can choose our leaders and representatives by ourselves.

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'Does India have an official language?' Constitution of India part 8

 So, you may know that many countries have a state religion or an official religion. For example Monaco is a Christian country and it's state/official religion is Christian, Thailand is a Buddhist nation and it's state/official religion is Buddhism. So have you ever thought does India have a state or an official religion? If you are searching for this answer then you have visited the correct place.

India is a secular nation, means India doesn't really have a state/official religion. India shows equal respect to all religions. Article 25 of the Constitution guarantees 'Right to Freedom of Religion'. 

This means that any India citizen has a right for changing or choosing his religion. So Indian People are free to choose or practice any religion. People of India belong to different religions including Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity, Islam and several other small religions.

So let me conclude it for you-

1. State/official religion of a country is a religion accepted by the country.

2. Indian Constitution in it's Article 25 given 'Right to Freedom of Religion'.

3. That's why in India you can practice any religion of your choice.    

4. That why India is called a secular nation.

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"Was our Constitution effected by Constitutions of other countries?" Constitution of India part-7

So, you may have heard or read somewhere that Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had knowledge of over 50 Constitutions around the world. That's true that he had knowledge of many Constitutions that's why he was appointed as Chairman of Constitution Drafting Committee. So, lets know about this in detail and let's start.

As you read above that Dr. Ambedkar had knowledge of many Constitution, it is not wrong to say that Constitutions of other countries have played an important role in the making of Indian Constitution. It took best parts from some the other Constitutions. 

The system of government is borrowed from Britain. The Indian legislative system is based on British system of governance.The Directive Principles of State Policy and method for election of President is borrowed from Ireland.

The Fundamental rights are borrowed from U.S., our judiciary id independent, just like it is in the US. The rules regarding governance during emergencies are taken from Germany.

The concept of Republic comes from France. The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity are too borrowed from France. Appointment of Governor at states and Advisory jurisdiction are borrowed from Canada. 

But the list does't end here there are lot of things. But tell do you know some other rules which are burrowed from any other Constitution. Share this article for more such informative articles.

'When did Constitution came into effect?' Constitution of India part 6

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read about Indian Constitution.

The Drafting Committee worked hard to study and prepare a just (full of justice) and righteous set of laws for the country. After 2 years they came with a final draft, and this was accepted as Constitution of India by Constituent Assembly.

After that the Constitution was accepted, it came into effect on 26th January 1950, and only after this India became a sovereign republic.

Some of them even came in effect before 26th January 1950. So there were some sections that were implemented on 26th November, 1949. So, in total there were 14 sections that came in effect on 26 November 1949, they are Section- 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 380, 391, 392, 393 and 394. The rest of the sections came into effect on 26th January 1950.

The original Constitution was prepared in both English and Hindi.

नागरिक

 

हमारे देश भारत का प्रथम नागरिक राष्ट्रपति होता है और 27 वें नागरिक भारत की जनता। आइए जानें, इसके बीच कौन-कौन आता है।

 

श्री रामनाथ कोविंद भारत के 14 वें राष्ट्रपति हैं। भारत के संविधान के अनुसार भारत का राष्ट्रपति देश का प्रथम नागरिक है।

संविधान के अनुसार एक पूरी लिस्ट तैयार की गयी है जिसमें यह बताया गया है कि पहले स्थान पर कौन है और उसके बाद 27 वें स्थान जनता तक कौन-कौन है।

 

चलिए देखते हैं पूरी लिस्ट

 

भारत का प्रथम नागरिक : देश का राष्ट्रपति।

 

द्वितीय नागरिक : देश का उप राष्ट्रपति।

आपको बता दें इस समय भारत के उप राष्ट्रपति श्री वेंकैया नायडू हैं।

 

तृतीय नागरिक : प्रधानमंत्री।

इस समय भारत के प्रधानमंत्री श्री नरेंद्र मोदी हैं।

 

चतुर्थ नागरिक : राज्यपाल। (संबंधित राज्यों के सभी)

 

पंचम नागरिक : देश के पूर्व राष्ट्रपति और पंचम (अ) देश के पूर्व उपराष्ट्रपति।

 

छठवाँ नागरिक : भारत के मुख्य न्यायधीश और लोकसभा अध्यक्ष।

 

सप्तम नागरिक : केंद्रीय कैबिनेट मंत्री, मुख्यमंत्री (संबंधित सभी राज्यों के), योजना आयोग के उपाध्यक्ष, पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री, राज्यसभा और लोकसभा में विपक्ष के नेता और सप्तम (अ) सभी भारत रत्न पुरस्कार विजेता।

 

अष्टम नागरिक : भारत में मान्यता प्राप्त राजदूत, मुख्यमंत्री (संबंधित राज्यों से बाहर के) , राज्यपाल (अपने संबंधित राज्यों से बाहर के)

 

नवम नागरिक : सुप्रीम कोर्ट के जज, नवम (अ) यूनियन पब्लिक सर्सिस कमिशन (यूपीएससी) के चेयरपर्सन, चीफ इलेक्शन कमिशनर, भारत के नियंत्रक और महालेखा परीक्षक।

 

दशम नागरिक : राज्यसभा के डिप्टी चेयरमैन, डिप्टी चीफ मिनिस्टर्स, लोकसभा के डिप्टी स्पीकर, योजना आयोग के सदस्य (वर्तमान में नीति आयोग), राज्यों के मंत्री (सुरक्षा से जुड़े मंत्रालयों के अन्य मंत्री)

 

ग्यारहवें नागरिक : अटर्नी जर्नल (एजी), कैबिनेट सचिव, उप राज्यपाल (केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के भी शामिल)

 

बारहवें नागरिक : पूर्ण जनरल या समकक्ष रैंक वाले कर्मचारियों के चीफ।

 

तेरहवें नागरिक : राजदूत ,असाधारण और पूर्ण नियोक्ता जो कि भारत में मान्यता प्राप्त हैं।

 

चौदहवें नागरिक : राज्यों के चेयरमैन और राज्य विधानसभा के स्पीकर (सभी राज्य शामिल), हाई कोर्ट के चीफ जस्टिस (सभी राज्यों की पीठ के जज शामिल)

 

पंद्रहवे नागरिक :  राज्यों के कैबिनेट मिनिस्टर्स (सभी राज्यों के शामिल), केंद्र शासित राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्री, दिल्ली के मुख्य कार्यकारी काउंसिलर (सभी केंद्र शासित राज्य) केंद्र के उपमंत्री।

 

सोलहवें नागरिक : लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल या समकक्ष रैंक का पद धारण करने वाले स्टाफ के प्रमुख अधिकारी।

 

सत्रहवें नागरिक : अल्पसंख्यक आयोग के अध्यक्ष, अनुसूचित जाति के राष्ट्रीय आयोग के अध्यक्ष, अनुसूचित जनजाति के राष्ट्रीय आयोग के अध्यक्ष, उच्च न्यायालयों के मुख्य न्यायाधीश (उनके संबंधित न्यायालय के बाहर), उच्च न्यायालयों के पीयूज न्यायाधीश (उनके संबंधित अधिकार क्षेत्र में)

 

अठारहवें नागरिक : राज्यों (उनके संबंधित राज्यों के बाहर) में कैबिनेट मंत्री, राज्य विधान मंडलों के सभापति और अध्यक्ष (उनके संबंधित राज्यों के बाहर), एकाधिकार और प्रतिबंधात्मक व्यापार व्यवहार आयोग के अध्यक्ष, उप अध्यक्ष और राज्य विधान मंडलों के उपाध्यक्ष (उनके संबंधित राज्यों में), मंत्री राज्य सरकारों (राज्यों में उनके संबंधित राज्यों), केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के मंत्री और कार्यकारी परिषद, दिल्ली (उनके संबंधित संघ शासित प्रदेशों के भीतर) संघ शासित प्रदेशों में विधान सभा के अध्यक्ष और दिल्ली महानगर परिषद के अध्यक्ष, उनके संबंधित केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में।

 

उन्नीसवें नागरिक : संघ शासित प्रदेशों के मुख्य आयुक्त, उनके संबंधित केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में राज्यों के उपमंत्री (उनके संबंधित राज्यों में), केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में विधान सभा के उपाध्यक्ष और मेट्रोपॉलिटन परिषद दिल्ली के उपाध्यक्ष।

 

बीसवें नागरिक : राज्य विधानसभा के चेयरमैन और डिप्टी चेयरमैन (उनके संबंधित राज्यों के बाहर)

 

इक्कीसवें नागरिक : सभी संसद सदस्य।

 

बाईसवें नागरिक : राज्यों के डिप्टी मिनिस्टर्स (उनके संबंधित राज्यों के बाहर)

 

तेईसवें नागरिक : आर्मी कमांडर, वाइस चीफ ऑफ आर्मी स्टाफ और इन्हीं की रैंक के बराबर के अधिकारी, राज्य सरकारों के मुख्य सचिव, (उनके संबंधित राज्यों के बाहर), भाषाई अल्पसंख्यकों के आयुक्त, अनुसूचित जाति और अनुसूचित जनजाति के आयुक्त, अल्पसंख्यक आयोग के सदस्य, अनुसूचित जातियों के लिए राष्ट्रीय आयोग के सदस्य, अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए राष्ट्रीय आयोग के सदस्य।

 

चौबीसवें नागरिक : उप राज्यपाल रैंक के अधिकारी या इन्हीं के समकक्ष अधिकारी।

 

पच्चीसवें नागरिक : भारत सरकार के अतिरिक्त सचिव।

 

छब्बीसवें नागरिक : भारत सरकार के संयुक्त सचिव और समकक्ष रैंक के अधिकारी, मेजर जनरल या समकक्ष रैंक के रैंक के अधिकारी।

 

सत्ताईसवें नागरिक : भारत के सत्ताईसवें नागरिक आम इंसान होते हैं। जैसे की आप और हम !!

 

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'Why was Constitution drafted?' Constitution of India part 3

 Hello friends in this article you are going to know the reasons of why was Constitution Drafted.

India was under British rule before 15th August 1947. Even before independence our leaders demanded that Indians should also be involved in the governance and administration of our country. This resulted in implementation of Government of India Act 1935. According to this act, the governance and administration of some areas like health, agriculture, etc. was left to the local government of that area. 

When our country became independent on 15th August 1947, there was a demand of a foundation which would keep India's citizen equal. Then a permanent set of rules was made by Drafting Committee and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a key role in the formation of Constitution. It took 2 Years, 11 Months and 18 Days to make a complete draft of Constitution.

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'Which is the longest written Constitution in the world?' Constitution of India part 2

 Ever thought about which is the largest constitution? If yes, then you are going to get your answer in this article.

With 448 articles, 12 schedules in 25 sections, the Constitution of India is the largest Constitution in the world. The Constitution of India lays down the fundamental rights, directive principles and the fundamental duties of the citizens. It makes India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic and assures liberty, equality and fraternity to all it's citizens.

The Constitution of India was prepared by the Drafting Committee. It was adapted by Constituent Assembly of India on 26 Nov, 1949 and came into effect on 26 Jan, 1950.

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‘What do we know about the Constitution Drafting Committee?’ Constitution of India part 5

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read another part of Constitution of India, for the next part complete 25 views.

 

The Constituent Assembly of India, which put the constitution of India in power was formed in 1946, i.e. even before India got independence. The Constituent Assembly was chaired by Rajendra Prasad and had 385 members representing different sections of the society.

At a meeting held on 29 August, 1947, the Constituent decided to form a Drafting Committee to prepare the India Constitution. B N Rau had already prepared a Constitution draft. The Drafting Committee’s job included the examination of draft and adding necessary changes.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the Drafting Committee. The Committee had 6 other members and began functioning by October, 1947. It was the draft prepared by this committee that later became the Constitution of India.

 

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‘Who is known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution?’ Constitution of India part 4

 So guys we are back with our Constitution of India series.

 

So, as we read in the last part that the Constitution of India was drafted by the Drafting Committee. But who can we say the chief architect of our Indian Constitution?

Dr. BR Ambedkar played a very significant amount in drafting the Constitution, and that’s why he is the chief architect of our Indian Constitution. While serving as the Law and Justice Minister, Ambedkar was appointed as the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee. He was already a renowned social reformer with a keen sense of law and justice.

With the knowledge of the Constitution of 60 countries, he was a constitution expert too. Now after having this much knowledge of the Constitution, law and justice there is no wonder in asking him to draft the Constitution of India by the Constituent Assembly.

The draft which was prepared by Ambedkar talked about a range of civil liberties and constitutional guarantees. Dr. BR Ambedkar is also called the father of Indian Constitution. The original document of the Constitution of India was handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada. It was written in beautifully written in the beautiful calligraphy, in a flowing italic style. Each page was decorated by artists from Shantiniketan.

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'Why do we Have a Constitution?' Constitution of India Part 1

 Hello friends from this article we are going to start a new series, which is Constitution of India.

India, a truly diverse country. it is a beautiful combination of different languages, cultures, beliefs and occupations. So we need a strong and justice full foundation that can ensure harmony and that's what is our Constitution.

The Constitution is foundation of our government. It is the supreme law of our country. It provides rights and protection during times adversity to all citizens of India. It is a set of rules that are written, authorized and approved by the leaders of India at the time after our independence. Constitution is the last word when it comes to laws. In fact, it is the symbol of vision  and values of our country. It lays the basic structure of our Political system.

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Why was Constitution drafted?

Hello friends in this blog you are going to read about constitution. 

So, we had learned about that why we need a constitution, so drafting of constitution is also related with that.

India got independent on 15th August 1947. Even before independence our leaders demanded from British administrators that Indians should also be involved in governance of our country. This resulted in implementation of the Government of India Act 1935. According to this act, the governance of some areas like health, education and agriculture would be dealt by Indians.

When our country became independent there was a need to draft a permanent and organised set of rules and laws that would aid the governance of the country. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a significant role in this. The Drafting Committee was formed and it was under Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's guidance.

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Short Q & A: COI - 5

Hello friends in this blog I am sharing short questions and answers on Constitutional law. Please read this till the end and share it with all the law students.

Part 4

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Q. 41 Which is permanent body of Parliament?

Ans. Rajya Sabha is permanent body of parliament and therefore, it is not subject to dissolution.

Q. 42 How many members of Rajya Sabha can retire at a time?

Ans. Nearly one-third of Rajya Sabha members retire on the expiration of every second year as per provisions in the law made by parliament.

Q. 43 What is duration of Lok Sabha if not dissolved?

Ans. Five years

Q. 44 Are there any provisions for extension of Lok Sabha in COI?

Ans. Yes. As per Clause 2 of Article 83, when a proclamation of emergency is in operation, the mentioned period of five years may be extended for such periods.

Q. 45 Who is ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans. The vice-president of India is the ex officio chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Q. 46 Which article provides for Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha?

Ans. Articles.89, 91 give provisions for Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Q. 47 Which article provides for presiding officer of Lok Sabha?

Ans. Speaker of Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of Lok Sabha . As per Art.93 of the constitution, the Lok Sabha shall choose two of its members as speaker and deputy speaker.

Q. 48 Which Article of COI provides for quorum?

Ans. Article 100(3) provides for quorum.

Q. 49 Who presides joint session of both the Houses?

Ans. Speaker of Lok Sabha.

Q. 50 Who is the preserver, protector of the rights and privileges of members of Lok Sabha?

Ans. Lok Sabha Speaker.

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Short Q & A: COI - 4

Hello friends in this blog I am sharing short questions and answers on Constitutional  law. Please read this till the end and share it with all the law students.

Part 3

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Q. 31 Who heads the Rajya Sabha?

Ans. The Chairman heads the Rajya Sabha.

Q. 32 Who heads the Lok Sabha?

Ans. The Speaker heads the Lok Sabha.

Q. 33 How an elected MP can resign from his position?

Ans. An elected member of respective house can resign by writing to the chairman of Rajya Sabha or speaker of Lok Sabha.

Q. 34 Is dual membership allowed in India?

Ans. No. Indian constitution prohibits dual membership.

Q. 35 What is dual membership of legislature?

Ans. A person becoming member of both Houses at the same time, or either House of parliament and a member of a House of a State legislature, then such person is said to have dual membership. In India if a citizen is elected to Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, or a house of the legislature of a state then he has to decide the seat which he wants to hold. He cannot be a member of all legislative bodies at the centre or in the states. He has to choose only one.

Q. 36 Which Article tells about Dual membership? and what?

Ans. Article 101. Art 101 states that no person can be a member of both houses of parliament or of a house of the legislature at the same time. If he did not make any choice before such the expiration period prescribed in the rules made by the president, his seat in a house of parliament shall become vacant if he has not previously resigned his seat in the legislature of the state and in one of the houses of parliament.

Q. 37 When a seat in Parliament becomes vacant?

Ans. 1) When an MP resigns in his presence of mind and his resignation is accepted by chairman or speaker of respective House in which is sitting.

2) When an MP remains absent for sixty working days of Parliament without prior permission form chairman or speaker then his seat is deemed vacant.

Q. 38 Which article deals with punishment given to a member and under which conditions such punishment is awarded?

Ans. As per Article 104, if a member of parliament sits and votes without taking oath in prescribed manner or is disqualified then such member is liable for punishment.

Q. 39 Who can disqualify a member of parliament?

Ans. As per Article 103, President can disqualify a member of Parliament and his decision shall be final.

Q. 40 Whose opinion is mandatory in disqualification of an MP?

Ans. President should consider the opinion of the election commission and shall act according to such opinion as per Article 103.

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