What are Multiple Star and Muttnik? Random facts Part 6

Multiple star: A group of 3 or 4 stars that orbit each other bound by gravitational force. Multiple-star system are also called Trinary or Ternary if they contain three stars; they are called Quaternary if they contain if they contain four stars and so on. For example, Alpha Centauri, the third biggest star in the night sky, is a trinary star. 

Muttnik: American nickname for the dog Laika, the first animal launched on the space successfully. She was launched aboard Sputnik 2 in 1957. However, she died within few hours because of overheating. She paved the way for human being spaceflight that living being can enter into the orbit.

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What is Sea of Tranquility? Random facts part 8

Have you heard about Sea if Tranquility? The landing site of Apollo 11 is called Sea of Tranquility. Apollo 11 was the first manned spaceship (spaceship which has people in it) to land on the Moon in 1969. It is a large basaltic plain that appears as a dark patch on the moon. 

SETI-  Acronym for 'Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence'. It refers the activities undertaken to search for extraterrestrial life. Astronomers use radio telescope to listen for electromagnetic signals that may have been generated by an intelligent beings elsewhere in the Universe. 

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What are open cluster and optical telescope ? Random Facts part 7

Do you know about open cluster and optical telescope? In this article you are going to know about them only, so let's start.

Open cluster is a group of a few thousand stars formed from the same giant molecular cloud. These stars are loosely gravitational bound to each other. More than 1100 open clusters has been discovered in the Milky Way Galaxy. Open clusters appear as faint, blurred patches of the light to the naked eye. But are huge and are several times bigger than Earth.

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An Optical telescope is that gathers and focuses light magnified image of a celestial object. There are mainly three types of telescopes: Refractors which use lenses, Reflectors which use mirrors and Catadioptric which is the mix of Refactors and Reflectors. Galileo generally credited t first use telescope for astronomy.   

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What are Photosphere Random facts part - 6

Do you know which part of Sun gives us energy? If you want to know this, then it's simple you just read the full article.

The bright surface of the Sun is the part that gives us energy for our survival. Its temperature is about about 6000 kelvin (5726.85 Celsius). Earth gets light and heat from the electromagnetic energy radiating from the photosphere. Photosphere is the part f Sun that gives us light and heat. It is the surface of the Sun.

It is made from two words- photos/photo meaning light, and sphere which refers to it's spherical shape.

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'What are Orion and Orion arm' Random facts part 5

Hello friends in this article you are going to read about Orion and Orion arms.

Orion: It is named after a hunter in Greek mythology, Orion is one of the most recognizable constellations in night sky. It contains two of the brightest stars in the sky- Rigel and Betelgeuse. This constellation is also the home to the Orionids which are meteor shower and the orion nebula, one of the brightest nebula seen by naked eye. 

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Orion arm: One of the spiral arms in milky way  Galaxy in which our solar system is located. It is named after Orion constellation.

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What are stem cells? - Random facts part-3

Do you know what are stem cells? Read this article to know what are stem cells, and what is their function.

Stem cells can easily called wizards of our body because they have a peculiar capacity [scientific word meaning to develop] to differentiate  into specialized cell. so these little fellows, if provided, with suitable conditions, can develop into any organ. They are found in bone marrow, blood from which they need to be extracted] and the most recently found source in the umbilical cord. Nowadays, stem cells are also artificial grown under controlled conditions. 

Stem cell technology is a beautifully engineered process, in which new stem cells are introduced into damaged tissues in order to treat the disease or injury. The ability of stem cells to renew themselves and thereby give rise to subsequent generations to, is used replace deceased and damaged areas in the body. The risks of side effects is minimal. 

This technology acts as a saviour in a wide range of issues from brain damage to spinal cord injury. It has emerged as a reasonable treatment for fatal problems of heart damage and the worldwide menace  of cancer. Researchers have successfully transplanted transplanted corneal stem cells into damaged eyes to restore vision. Even sell technology. For diabetic chocolate lovers, insulin producing stem cells would solve there problems.    

This technology will be helpful to us and will change the medical facilities in India and all around the world.

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What are Nebula and neutron stars Random facts part 2

Have you ever heard about neutron stars and nebula, you have have heard neutron star in Avengers Infinity war. Do you know what these are really? If no then you have come to correct place.

Nebula

Gigantic cloud of gas and dust, mainly of hydrogen and helium gases, in space. Astronomers believe nebulae to be nurseries of star. There are main 4 types of nebulae 

1. Planetary 

2. Reflection 

3. Emission 

4. Absorption

Neutron star 

Remnant of a massive star formed after a super nova explosion,. Neutron stars are the densest and smallest stars find by humans, measuring only 10 kilo metres across. It is tightly packed with neutrons.   

   

What are invertebrates? Animal World part 13

 In some of the previous articles (which contained of part 8 and part 9 ) we read about invertebrates, but there wasn't a lot of information regarding to them. But now in this article and next articles, you are going to red about invertebrates in deep. So let's start.

Now if you have ever seen a human skeleton, then you know that it contains backbone, and we humans and other vertebrates (animals with backbone) can't survive long without our backbone. We are able to walk because of backbone. But there are animals which don't have backbone. These are called invertebrates. Of millions of species in this Earth around 97% of them are invertebrates. Common examples of invertebrates are insects, spiders, snails, clams worms and molluscs. 

But body structure of animals in the all Earth is not same. Even though a bear and caterpillar are animals but their body structures are very different.

In animal kingdom, invertebrates are actually the largest group. The total number of invertebrate species are around 30 million. But vertebrates are only around 60,000 to 70,000. Invertebrates include animals both on land and in water. 

Invertebrates have a long history, fossil records show invertebrates existed even 600 million years ago, which is even before dinosaurs. Invertebrates are also the major food source of animals like birds and fishes, you may have seen fishes and birds eating worms and insects. Invertebrates play a major role in life of vertebrates.

Many of the invertebrates work like pests and parasites such as grasshoppers and ladybug.

So lets summarize this article-

1. Invertebrates are animals without any backbone.

2. There is a lot of difference between body structure of vertebrates and invertebrates.

3. Most animal life on the planet is invertebrates, they have 30 million species in them.

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Do Animal Classification change? Animal Word part 12

 We have made articles on binomial system of classifying animals and people who were first to classify animals in their own way if you haven't read those then visit our page to see them or just click here for reading people who classified animals and click here for knowing what is binomial system of classifying animals. But another question arises that does the classifications in which a species is put changes? Now if you don't know about that then read this article till the end to know does this all changes, so lets begin.

When classifying animals was at initial stage the man was totally depended on his senses, that's why classifying animals was observation and our observation had limited scope because of our senses. Our senses may device us too. But in this modern era, we have well sophisticated classifying system and better equipment we can classify animals with ease and with more accuracy.

Animal classification (taxonomy is branch of science dealing with it) now uses sophisticated scientific methods to identify relationships between species. 
But id you have read our previous article of people who classified animals, then you know that the method of classifying animals also changes. This means there is a probability that the group in which a species is kept can change. Occasionally, new species are identified.

Now if you didn't understand first read the article in which we talked about peopled who classified animals, and then we also have an example for you.

Until a recent DNA studies were conducted on elephants, it was thought that there were only two species of elephants which are Asian Elephant and African Elephant. But in an recent research of 2010, it was revealed that African Elephants are actually of types. African Bush Elephants and African Forest Elephants. This way there are now three species of elephants.   

So, to conclude lets summarize-

1. At initial stage of taxonomy, man was totally depended on it's senses, but now we use sophisticated scientific system of classifying animals.

2. Ways of classifying animals changed with time, which resulted in changing of groups in which species were placed, this also sometimes result in identifying new species of animals.

3. The classification of an animal can change according to change in system.

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Kathiawar Peninsula and Dravidian Languages- Indus Valley Civilization part 6

 So you may have heard about Dravidian Languages, if no? Then no worries ad today we are going to read about Kathiawar Peninsula and Dravidian Languages, now if you haven't read the previous article then click here, and if you haven't read the previous parts of the series then I strongly recommend you to read those by clicking here or visiting the page.

For Kathiawar peninsula you can also check another article by clicking here. It is surrounded by Rann of Kutch in North, in East it is surrounded by Gulf of Cambay, Arabian Sea in Southwest and Gulf of Kutch in the Northwest. 

Dravidian languages, family of some 70 languages spoken primarily in South Asia. The Dravidian languages are spoken by more than 215 million people in India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

The Dravidian languages are divided into South, South-Central, Central, and North groups; these groups are further organized into 24 subgroups. The four major literary languages—Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada—are recognized by the constitution of India. They are also the official languages of the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka (formerly Mysore), respectively.

Dravidian language is a very vast topic so if you want me to cover it out and make a series on it tell in the comments section below.

So lets summarize it-

1. Kathiawar peninsula is located in Gujarat, it is surrounded by Rann of Kutch in North, in East it is surrounded by Gulf of Cambay, Arabian Sea in Southwest and Gulf of Kutch in the Northwest.

2. Dravidian languages are a group of languages spoken in South Asia.

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'What does it mean when we say that India is sovereign?' Constitution of India part 9

In the previous article you read that does India have a state religion. If you haven't read this then click here, and if you want to read this whole series then view the page or click here. 

The preamble of Constitution; as you know it is the first page of Constitution, says that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic country. So secular means equal rights to all people, but what is sovereignty? Lets look at this. Fun Fact- India  became secular in 1970s. The 42 Amendment of Constitution of India asserted that India was a secular nation this was enacted in 1976.

India is a sovereign nation, that means that it has the supreme and ultimate power, in short it means the independent authority of State. The Constitution of India says that it's power lies in it's people. Our country has complete independence to choose for  itself. It doesn't succumb to any other external power. This means we can choose our representatives, like we choose our Member of Legislative Assembly or MLA, through an election which is held in a constituency. They choose the further leaders and representatives of our Country and states.

In monarchies the sovereign power lies with the monarch. But since India is a republic so the power lies in its elected representatives. 

So to complete this article let's summarize it-

1. India is a sovereign and secular country.

2. We can choose our leaders and representatives by ourselves.

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Harappa and Mohenjo-daro- Indus Valley Civilization part 5

 As we read in part 3 and part 2 that there are two main cities in the Indus Valley Civilization. They were Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. If you want to read about them then you can either click the blue colored 'part 2' and blue colored 'part 3' in the staring of the article or visit our page on of the article whose name is Indus Valley Civilization.

The Indus civilization is known to have consisted of two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, and more than 100 towns and villages, which were often small size when compared to Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It is estimated that originally these were just 1.16 km square in overall dimensions and then they became large in size. 

Their outstanding magnitude suggests political centralization, either in two large states or in a single great empire with alternative capitals, a practice having analogies in Indian history. 

(Analogy= a comparison of two unlike things whose comparison is based on the same aspect.

Eg- Here in this article Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are two unlike thing but they are being compared and told about on the basis of Indus Valley Civilization.)

 It is also possible that Harappa succeeded/won Mohenjo-daro, which is known to have been devastated more than once by exceptional floods. The southern region of the civilization, on the Kathiawar Peninsula and beyond, seems to have originated after the main Indus Valley Civilization (near river Indus, consisting of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa).

The civilization was literate, and its script, with some 250 to 500 characters, has been partly and tentatively deciphered; the language has been indefinitely identified as Dravidian.

So let's conclude the article-

1. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were the two main cities in Indus Valley Civilization with around 100 more towns and villages.

2. They were  political centralized, either in two large states or in a single great empire with alternative capitals

3. The Kathiawad Peninsula (southern part of Indus Valley Civilization) was originated in the civilization later.

4. The civilization was literate and its script contained 250-500 characters, it is estimated to be an Dravidian language.

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'What is binomial system of scientific names?" Animal World part 11

 Before starting this article read the previous article by clicking here, so people who have read the previous article would obviously have read about Carl Linnaeus who popularized the binomial system of naming organisms. 

So as you may know that the all the animals we know have a separate scientific names. For example humans are called Homo Sapiens. Sometimes, it is hard to recall these names too, as there are millions of species and types of animals on the Earth. However, the knowledge of their scientific names would help us in categorizing the animals according to their similarities and differences. 

The binomial system is the system which is used today for naming the organisms. It is the formal method of naming different species. It is the formal method of naming animals. In binomial system animals are given scientific names with two terms- with a genus name and a specific descriptor.

Genus is the major subdivision in which organisms are classified and the descriptor is the category in which the organisms falls. 

Eg: Homo Sapiens- 'Homo' is the genus referring to animals with large brains and use tools.  

Whereas 'Sapiens' is the category that pertains to modern humans.

Here is a list of some common animals and their scientific names-

1. Dog- Canis Lupus

2. Cat- Felis Catus

3. Horse- Equus caballus

4. Goat- Capra aegagrus hircus

5. Donkey- Equus asinus 

6. Cow- Bos taurus

7. Tiger- Panthera tigris 

8. Lion- Felis leo

9. Indian Elephant- Elephas maximus indicus

So to conclude this let me summarize this article-

1. Binomial system is used to name animals.

2. In binomial system scientific names are given with two term- one genus and other the specific descriptor.

So I hope you liked the article , if yes then share this article and read the previous parts if you haven't read those.

Sutkagen Dor, Ropar and Cambay- Indus Valley Civilization part 4

Hello friends in this article we are going to read about Sutkagen Dor, Ropar and Cambay.

After Indus Valley Civilization was designated as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980, remains of Indus Valley Civilization were found in Sutkagen Dor in southwestern Balochistan province of Pakistan, near the shore of the Arabian Sea, about 300 miles (480 km) west of Karachi. It is estimated that the city was trading post or port, which supported the trade with Persian port. The uplands of Baluchistan, show clear evidence of trade and contact with the Indus civilization, but appear to have remained outside the direct Harappan rule.

There were also ruins of this ancient civilization in Rupar/Ropar in eastern Punjab of North-western India. The town lies on the Sutlej River near the head of the great Sirhind Canal, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Chandigarh.

Later exploration established its existence southward down the west coast of India as far as the Gulf of Khambhat (Cambay), 500 miles (800 km) southeast of Karachi, and as far east as the Yamuna (Jumna) River basin, 30 miles (50 km) north of Delhi. The Gulf of Cambay is located in Gujrat, between Mumbai and Kathiawad Peninsula. The gulf receives many rivers, including the Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada (Narbada), and Tapti.

So, to conclude the article let me summarize everything for you-

1. Sutkagen Dor and Ropar are some of the important places where there the ruins of Indus Valley Civilization are found. 

2. Sutkagen Dor is located in Balochistan near shore of Arabian Sea, and Ropar is located in Punjab near Sutlej River.

3. Gulf of Khambhat/Cambay is located in Gujrat and Sabarmati, Narmada, Mahi and Tapti are rivers passing from Gulf of Cambay.

Who classified animals first? - Animal World part 10

So, we read in previous articles that why and how are animals classified. if you haven't read those article click here. 

So, now we know 'why are animals classified?', 'how are animals classified?' 

But do you know first people who classified animals? Now in this article you are going to read about people who first classified animals and the different ways they did their classification.

After the language came into existence people named animals differently in different languages. Our scientific temper had triggered us to order and categorize living and non-living things for understanding and studying them easily. We observed, named and compared animals and plants.

So our first contestant  in classification list is from Ancient Greece, he was an philosopher ad the first known man to classify animals, and he is Aristotle. He classified animals according to their various characteristics. 

Eg- 1. Do they lay eggs or give birth to young ones.

2. Are they warm blooded or cold blooded.

The second contestant is the writer of book which is considered as the first encyclopedia. The Roman Naturalist who was the writer of Naturalis Historia (first considered encyclopedia) and he is Pliny the Elder. He did research in 1st century AD, he died in 79 AD.

Then we find our next contestant in 17th century AD. The English naturalist John Ray published works on botany and zoology. He classified animals on the basis of the similarities he observed, and he was the first person who gave the scientific definition to the word 'Species'.

So, these were all people who were famous for classifying animals, but their systems are not very  systematic. So our last contestant of this list is from 18th Century, he is known as the father of modern taxonomy. He is Carl Linnaeus a Swedish botanist. He popularized the binomial naming system and introduced the used of kingdoms, orders, classes, genera and species. This system of Linnaeus is still used today.

So I hope you liked the article make sure that you share this article and at last thanks for watching.

"Was our Constitution effected by Constitutions of other countries?" Constitution of India part-7

So, you may have heard or read somewhere that Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had knowledge of over 50 Constitutions around the world. That's true that he had knowledge of many Constitutions that's why he was appointed as Chairman of Constitution Drafting Committee. So, lets know about this in detail and let's start.

As you read above that Dr. Ambedkar had knowledge of many Constitution, it is not wrong to say that Constitutions of other countries have played an important role in the making of Indian Constitution. It took best parts from some the other Constitutions. 

The system of government is borrowed from Britain. The Indian legislative system is based on British system of governance.The Directive Principles of State Policy and method for election of President is borrowed from Ireland.

The Fundamental rights are borrowed from U.S., our judiciary id independent, just like it is in the US. The rules regarding governance during emergencies are taken from Germany.

The concept of Republic comes from France. The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity are too borrowed from France. Appointment of Governor at states and Advisory jurisdiction are borrowed from Canada. 

But the list does't end here there are lot of things. But tell do you know some other rules which are burrowed from any other Constitution. Share this article for more such informative articles.

January Current Affairs part 12

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read some current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

1. Biocon Biologics Rs. 555 crore investment from ADQ

- American Dairy Queen Corporation (ADQ) will invest Rs. 555 crore in Biocon Biologics.

- ADQ will invest Rs. 555 crore for minority stake in biosimilar business, valuing Biocon Biologics at post money valuation of $4.17 billion.

- A biosimilar is a biologic medical product highly similar to another already approved biological medicine.

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2. AP signs MoU with Cambridge University to improve English.

- A Memorandum of  Understanding was signed between the Cambridge University and Andhra Pradesh.

- The MoU was signed by Vijay Kumar, Commissioner of Municipal Administration on behalf of the State Government and TK Arunachalam, Regional Director of Cambridge University, South Asia.

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‘Why did organisms need to move from one ocean to land?’ Animal World part 6

Hello friends in this article you are going to read about why organisms had to move from oceans to land, so if you are new to this blog I will recommend you to read our Animal World series.

 

So let’s go to the point when the life just occurred on our planet, the oceans provided the most conductive natural conditions for the occurrence of life. The dry land provided further opportunity for growth and development of life. In the process of evolution the movement of animals from water to land was a great milestone in this journey of life.

In the earliest stage of life single-celled organisms lived in water and then developed to multi-cellular organisms and became complex and complex. The first forms of life were plants like algae, mosses and lichens; these only provided the food which was required for animals in the water.

In some millions of years new forms of plant life developed. These plants had new feature like roots, stems and leaves, which made them organisms which could survive on land and mostly in wet, swampy areas on land.

When the food was there on land too, the animals gradually evolved in order to survive on land. The availability of food was the most important factor in movement of animals on land. The first animals to roam on land probably were worms and some other soft-bodied invertebrates. They were probably followed by some fishes that also evolved over thousands of years and developed limbs to walk and lungs to breathe and they were followed by reptiles that could live both in land and water, and as you know they are called amphibians.

 

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‘What do we know about the Constitution Drafting Committee?’ Constitution of India part 5

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read another part of Constitution of India, for the next part complete 25 views.

 

The Constituent Assembly of India, which put the constitution of India in power was formed in 1946, i.e. even before India got independence. The Constituent Assembly was chaired by Rajendra Prasad and had 385 members representing different sections of the society.

At a meeting held on 29 August, 1947, the Constituent decided to form a Drafting Committee to prepare the India Constitution. B N Rau had already prepared a Constitution draft. The Drafting Committee’s job included the examination of draft and adding necessary changes.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the Drafting Committee. The Committee had 6 other members and began functioning by October, 1947. It was the draft prepared by this committee that later became the Constitution of India.

 

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January Current Affairs part 10

 Hello friends in this article you are going to read current affairs which can help you in competitive exams.

•TRIFED signs MoU with Akhil Bhartiya Ashram 

TRIFED (Tribal Co-operative Marketing Federation of India) under Ministry of Tribal Affairs, has signed an MoU with Akhil Bhartiya Vanvasi Kalyan Kendra.  The MoU was exchanged between the two organisations on January 3, 2021, to work together for setting up of TRIFOOD Parks in 5 districts in Madhya Pradesh. The two organisations will work together by undertaking various initiatives. 

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•Sanjay Kapoor elected AICF President 

Sanjay Kapoor was elected President of the All India Chess Federation (AICF) while Bharat Singh Chauhan retained the Secretary's post in the polls held online on 4 Jan 2021. Kapoor, representing Uttar Pradesh Chess Association, defeated incumbent P R Venketrama Raja in a close contest. Naresh Sharma, belonging to the Chauhan faction, was elected as treasurer, 

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•Tata Power, SIDBI to finance MSMEs 

Tata Power has announced a partnership with Small Industries Bank of India (SIDBI) to provide affordable financing scheme for MSME customers in the rooftop solar segment. The scheme will empower MSMEs to adopt sustainable energy for their businesses. Tata Power and SIDBI will provide a financing solution without any collateral at an interest rate of less than 10 per cent. 

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•Ramalingeswara Park inaugurated 

Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik inaugurated Ramlingeshwar Park in Berhampur of Ganjam district, through video conferencing on 4 Jan 2021. The Ramlingeshwar Reservoir and Park has been built at a cost of Rs 12 crore.The park has a huge statue of Lord Shiva in the centre of the pond. Besides, water fountains have also been put in the park. 

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•Desh Nayak Diwas on 23 January 

To mark the birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, West Bengal will observe January 23 as 'Desh Nayak Diwas. A national university will also be built-in Netaji's memory. On January 23, 2021, a rally will be taken out from Shyambazar to Netaji Statue in Kolkata, along with the police band. A tableau will also be displayed on the theme based on Netaji's life on January 26, 2021. 

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•DRDO to boost mushroom farming in Northeast 

Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has conducted a three-day skill development program on mushroom farming and spawn production technology in Jan 2021. In the training session, participants from Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Assam have imparted training on oyster mushroom cultivation technology. 

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•Centum Electronics Limited receives an award 

Centum Electronics Limited has been awarded the Defence Technology Absorption Award by DRDO. The award was handed over to Centum CMD, Apparao V Mallavarapu by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. It is given in recognition of Centum Electronics’ outstanding contribution towards the absorption of critical technology in defence space systems and pioneering the development of space-grade hardware. 

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•Tamil Nadu announces a public holiday 

Tamil Nadu CM K Palaniswami has declared government holiday on January 28 on account of Thaipusam festival celebrated in the honour of Lord Murugan. Thaipusam is an important festival that is celebrated in Tamil Nadu and also in Kerala and foreign countries like Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Singapore and Malaysia. Thaipusam will be included in the list of public holidays in the coming years. 

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•lOC launches new initiative 

The Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has launched a new initiative Prayaas to address the needs of the local communities near its fuel stations. 

Shyam Bohra, Executive Director and State Head of Delhi and Haryana State Office, distributed blankets to the inhabitants of night shelters near |OC-owned company-operated outlet in Jangpura, on 4 Jan 2021. These shelters are run by the Delhi govt. 

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•Internet shutdowns cost India $2.8 billion 

Internet shutdowns cost India $2.8 billion, putting it at the top of a list of 21 countries that curbed citizens’ web access in 2020. India accounted for about three-quarters of the $4 billion lost worldwide to internet curbs. It's losses more than doubled compared to 2019, a report from a U.K.-based digital privacy and security research group showed. 

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•UK abolishes ‘tampon tax’ 

The UK has abolished the 5 per cent rate of value-added tax (VAT) on menstrual products, known as the tampon tax. There will no longer be VAT on period products from January 1, 2021. This is a part of wider government action to ‘end period poverty’ which includes the roll-out of free sanitary products in schools, colleges and hospitals. 

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•Internet shutdowns cost India $2.8 billion 

Internet shutdowns cost India $2.8 billion, putting it at the top of a list of 21 countries that curbed citizens’ web access in 2020. India accounted for about three-quarters of the $4 billion lost worldwide to internet curbs. It's losses more than doubled compared to 2019, a report from a U.K.-based digital privacy and security research group showed. 

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