Jay Shree Ram friends! Here is one more group of one liners for you regarding the business of paper manufacturing history in Bharat. Please read till the end.
Handmade paper from Bharat: Kagaj:
Kagaj: Pre independence since Buddhist Era
ð Some people believe paper was invented independently in Indiain Buddhist times around 250 BC.
ð Archaeological finds at Gilgit in the vale of Kashmir indicate that paper was already applied in the Himalayas in the sixth century AD.
ð Some records make mention of occasionally use of paper for religious purposes in the seventh century AD.
ð A Sanskrit dictionary about one hundred years later from Buddhist era gives two versions of the Persian word for paper and one for the Chinese word.
ð Paper thus is known some time before the muslim era.
ð They have the oblong format of palm leaf and the scribes continue to leave an open space for the holes of the ropes that originally kept the palm leaf books together.
ð The Hindu, Buddhist and Jain persevere in recording their texts on palm leaf long after paper becomes a popular writing material.
ð The earliest centers of white art are Daulatabad, Lahore, Sailkot, Ahmedabad and Kashmir since 13th century
ð Before that the Muslim courts in Delhi probably import paper from Persia.
ð The Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) in particular takes a keen interest in the book arts, although he himself is an illiterate. He has more than 100 painters living at his court and is said to have possessed a library of 24,000 volumes.
ð During the reign of his son Jehangir (1605-1627) the city of Sailkot in the Punjab becomes the most important centre of papermaking.
ð 1500 Denkhi, the traditional Indian rice stamper, are producing pulp for the paper mills.
ð Hundreds of kagjipura arise, settlements where the Moslem papermakers, the kagji, live and work.
ð A peculiar writing material developed amongst the merchants of Mysore. They wrote with soapstone or chalk on a cotton cloth impregnated with tamarind seed paste and blackened with charcoal. These folding books were in use as account books, called kaditam.
ð A certain Balaji Abaji, a Thakur from the Kshatriya caste, left around 1800 his village Roje in Maharashtra together with several other residents. He wanted to start up papermaking at Nasik. The inhabitants of Roje however summoned Balaji because he would harm the village welfare by leaving. Fortunately for Balaji Abaji the legal officer in charge agreed with him. The inhabitants of Roje did not win their case. After 90 years the mill still stands and Nasik had a prosperous paper industry for a long time.
ð The first Robert's paper-machine enters the Indian continent as early as 1832, two years earlier than in the Netherlands. Dr. William Carey, starts to make paper by machine in Serampore. By 1870 eight paper-machines are in operation. The next 20 years many more are working most of them in the Bombay and in the Calcutta area.
ð The reports on the grasses munj and bhabar show the most promising results. When at last Raitt discovers how to digest bamboo properly that plant becomes a very popular raw material for the steam driven paper plants.
ð With the Bamboo Paper Industry Act of 1925 the colonial government protects the local paper mills.
ð The first paper mill, the Kalam Kush Paper Mill, based on Gandhian ideas was established.
ð The fully cotton hosiery of the so detested cotton mills of Ahmedabad could be miraculously changed into wonderful papers. The transformation of textile waste thus also became a strong political act of a nationalistic movement against its oppressors.
ð When on the 15th of August 1947 India at last reaches its independence the Gandhian ideas are incorporated into the new constitution.
ð Although Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, initially does not agree on Gandhi's economical ideas he changes his mind and thinks that the cottage industry could well be the answer to unemployment.
ð The Khadi Village and Industries Commission (KVIC), founded in 1957, has the difficult task to stimulate and protect the cottage industry. The KVIC was and still is today a powerful stimulator of kagji.
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